AP World History Fall Final 2023

Gunpowder was instrumental in the military expansion of all of the following empires with the exception of:

• the Safavid Empire

• the Qing (Manchu) Empire

• the Aztec (Mexica) Empire

• the Ottoman Empire

Prior to the Enlightenment, most European nations were characterized by which of the following systems?

• Manorialism

• Serfdom

• Monasticism

• Feudalism

Which of the following best explains a similarity between the earliest English and French voyages across the North Atlantic in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

• They succeeded despite receiving little support from their respective state governments.

• They were often launched in the hopes of finding alternative sailing routes to Asia.

• They were ended after encountering violent resistance from Portuguese and Spanish naval forces.

• They helped convince western European monarchies to abandon mercantilist policies in favor of free-trade policies.

Which of the following was known as a Muslim travelers who documented his stories?

• Ibn Battuta

• Marco Polo

• Simon Bolivar

• John Locke

The Protestant reformation sought to:

• promote religious war against fellow Christians

• encourage the creation of a united German state free of papal influence

• demonstrate that an individual’s destiny was predetermined by God

• reform Christian society by adhering more closely to Biblical teachings

The expansion of the Mongol Empire most directly led to which of the following political developments in Afro-Eurasia?

• The spread of feudalism to western Europe, as the Mongol conquests greatly weakened centralized monarchies

• The expansion of the Mali Empire in West Africa, as the Mongol conquests destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate

• The collapse of previously existing states, such as the Song dynasty of China

• The adoption of Islamic systems of rule by Turkic states in the Middle East, such as the Seljuq Empire

Which of the following best describes an effect of the establishment of the Mongol Empire upon Silk Road long distance trade?

• The Silk Road trade declined because the Mongol merchants preferred to use maritime long-distance trade networks instead.

• The Silk Road trade increased because the Mongol conquests helped connect more regions of Eurasia economically and commercially.

• The Silk Road trade was not affected by the Mongol conquests because the tribal and nomadic nature of Mongol society meant that Mongol demand for luxury goods was virtually nonexistent.

• The Silk Road trade collapsed following the Mongol conquests because most trading cities along the Silk Roads were destroyed and never recovered.

Which of the following best explains a similar motivation behind the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Africa and the establishment of Portuguese trading posts in Asia?

• The trading posts in both regions were intended to prevent economic collapse following the disintegration of powerful local empires.

• The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate commercial cooperation between European states.

• The trading posts in both regions were intended to facilitate the transfer of slaves to the Americas.

• The trading posts in both regions were intended to allow the Portuguese to control access to heavily trafficked maritime routes.

Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans-Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200–1450 ?

• Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves.

• The introduction of new commercial technologies, such as the compass, made it easier for merchants to find their destinations in the desert.

• The expansion of banking houses made it easier for merchants to fund their commercial activities.

• Increasing literacy rates allowed merchants to develop more complex business partnerships.

Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan?

• The collapse of the Byzantine Empire

• The development of khanates in Central Asia

• The spread of Islam into East Asia

• Increased trade between Africa and Asia