Formative 1 - Cardiovascular System Structure and Function

Sophia, Lily, and Ishaan are studying the human heart in their biology class. They learned about the Sinoatrial (SA) node. Can you help them understand the function of the Sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart?

• It helps the heart pump blood into the arteries

• It conducts action potential

• It helps the heart receive blood from veins

• It assists in gaseous exchange

During a biology class, Evie, George, and Aarav were studying the human heart. They learned that a certain valve is located between the left atrium and ventricle. Can you recall the name of this valve?

• Mitral or bicuspid valve

• Tricuspid valve

• Aortic semilunar valve

• Pulmonary valve

Rosie, Henry, and Isabella are learning about the human body in their biology class. They learned that deoxygenated blood enters a specific part of the heart during the circulatory process. Can you help them identify where this happens?

• Pulmonary veins

• Right ventricle

• Inferior vena cava

• Left atrium

Alexander, Evie, and Aarav are studying the human circulatory system. They are particularly interested in understanding at which stage of blood flow the exchange of gases occurs. Can you help them?

• When blood flows through the arterioles

• When blood flows through the capillaries

• When blood flows through the systemic arteries

• When blood flows through the pulmonary arteries

Arjun, Kiara, and Isabella are studying for their biology exam. They come across a question about atherosclerosis. They want to know what the main constituent of the plaque in stage 2 of atherosclerosis is. Can you help them?

• Minerals

• Cholesterol

• Protein

• White blood cells

During a biology class experiment, William, Ava, and Max were studying the stages of atherosclerosis. In stage 3, they observed a complete blockage in a vessel. What could have caused this blockage?

• Plaque build-up

• Inflammation

• Rupture of the plaque

• Lesions

Sebastian is a medical student studying the human circulatory system. He is trying to understand the formula for blood pressure (BP). Ava, a senior medical student, explains it to him. Which of the following formulas did Ava most likely tell Sebastian?

• BP = Cardiac output - total peripheral resistance

• BP = Cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

• BP = Heart rate / Stroke volume

• BP = Arterial pressure + Venous pressure

During a school marathon, Evie noticed that Leo's face turned red after running for a while. Harry, who is a biology enthusiast, explained that it's due to vasodilation. What does vasodilation do during such physical activities?

• Increases systolic blood pressure

• Increases diastolic blood pressure

• Lowers total peripheral resistance

• Decreases cardiac output

Henry, Aarav, and Leo are all mild to moderate hypertensives. They are discussing different forms of exercise to help manage their condition. Which form of exercise has been shown to decrease SBP and DBP in people like them?

• Chronic strength training

• Aerobic exercise

• Relaxation training

• Resistance training

Florence has been doing aerobic exercises for a few months now. She noticed a long-term effect on her blood pressure. What physiological adaptation could be contributing to this?

• Increased blood vessel diameter

• Decreased stroke volume

• Reduced cardiac output

• Lowered levels of HDL cholesterol