In classical conditioning, we associate stimuli that we________, and we respond________.

• a. control; to produce consequences

• b. do not control; automatically

• c. control; automatically

• d. do not control; to produce consequences

Any event or situation that evokes a response is a(n)

• a. reward

• b. acquisition

• c. stimulus

• d. operant

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

• a. operant conditioning

• b. spontaneous recovery

• c. observational learning

• d. classical conditioning

When we associate our own actions with consequences, ________ has occurred.

• a. observational learning

• b. modeling

• c. classical conditioning

• d. operant conditioning

Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illustrates

• a. respondent behavior

• b. spontaneous recovery

• c. observational learning

• d. operant conditioning

Which of the following is most clearly an operant behavior?

• a. blinking

• b. salivating

• c. praising

• d. blushing

An automatic response is to________ as behavior that produces consequences is to________.

• a. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus

• b. respondent behavior; operant behavior

• c. discrimination; generalization

• d. associative learning; cognitive learning

Which researcher is most closely associated with the initial studies of classical conditioning in dogs?

• a. B.F. Skinner

• b. Rosalie Rayner

• c. John B. Watson

• d. Ivan Pavlov

Who introduced the term behaviorism?

• a. B.F. Skinner

• b. John B. Watson

• c. Rosalie Rayner

• d. Ivan Pavlov

A neutral stimulus is an event or situation that

• a. evokes an unconditioned response

• b. signals that an operant behavior will be rewarded

• c. triggers a conditioned response

• d. elicits no response before conditioning