UNIT 5+6

Which is the smallest meaningful unit of language?

• Morpheme

• Word

• Syllable

The assignment of words in a sentence to their relevant linguistic categories is called ...

• Gating

• Parsing

• Priming

Which of the following types of ambiguity is NOT a subtype of ambiguity?

• Standing ambiguity

• Local ambiguity

• Syntactic ambiguity

Two important principles of the Garden Path Model are:

• Late closure and maximum attachment

• Early closure and minimal attachment

• Late closure and minimal attachment

Which outcome suggests that participants process meaning during the shadowing task?

• Participants’ shadowing slows down when the sentence they are repeating combines meaningful words in nonsensical ways.

• Shadowing is the process of understanding.

• Participants say that they are processing the meaning as they shadow what they hear.

In the sentence The stew simmered on the stove turned out to be delicious, the phrase simmered on the stove is ambiguous because it is missing certain function words. This grammatical structure is known as a

• sentence complement

• reduced relative clause

• main clause

The garden path theory stipulates that parsers rely on _______ to make initial predictions about the meaning of an ambiguous sentence

• heuristics

• interactive model processes

• phonetic cues

Sonja put on a hat but was wearing no gloves when she left the house.

Based on McDonald and Just’s 1989 study using negated and non-negated words, after reading the sentence above, subjects would likely _______ on a memory task

• respond as quickly to gloves as to hat as a probe

• respond slower to gloves than to hat as a probe

• remember gloves but forget hat

As Sophie stood still, skimming the bookshelf for the stolen antique volume, the old door to the parlor creaked and squealed and footsteps echoed through the room.

Reading the above sentence would likely activate

• the visual and tactile processing systems in the brain

• the visual and auditory processing systems

• only the auditory processing system

Which theoretical model considers that multiple interpretations of an ambiguous structure are simultaneously evaluated?

• Constraint model

• Garden Path Theory

• Cohort model