metabolism

Cellular respiration differs from breathing in that:

• breathing rate is variable while cellular respiration is always constant.

• breathing is required at all times while cellular respiration occurs only when required.

• cellular respiration produces glucose and carbon dioxide but breathing produces oxygen.

• cellular respiration is a chemical process occurring inside cells but breathing is the movement of air in and out of the lungs.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Most of the energy released from the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide during cellular respiration is in the form of:

• chemical bonds in water.

• chemical bonds in ATP.

• movement of cellular organelles.

• heat.

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Enzymes:

• provide energy for important reactions.

• work independently of pH.

• increase the activation energy of a reaction.

• are temperature dependent for their activity.

Which of the following is a correct description of some types of metabolic reaction?

• Catabolic reactions break down molecules into smaller ones and release energy.

• Anabolic reactions break down molecules into smaller ones and release energy.

• Catabolic reactions build molecules into larger ones and release energy.

• Anabolic reactions build molecules into larger ones and release energy.

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Which of the following is a correct statement about cellular respiration?

• Anaerobic respiration occurs within mitochondria and can produce 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

• Aerobic respiration occurs within mitochondria and can produce 36 ATP per glucose molecule.

• Aerobic respiration occurs within the cytoplasm and can produce 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

• Anaerobic respiration occurs within cytoplasm and can produce 36 ATP per glucose molecule.

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Enzymes are specific in that:

• they are found only in some cell types.

• they can only combine with specific substrates.

• they are sensitive to particular pH levels.

• temperature influences their activity.

Without enzymes, cellular respiration would:

• occur at a rate too fast for cells to maintain.

• not occur at a rate high enough to sustain life.

• result in less ATP produced.

• be reversed.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Chemical energy in ATP can be used for:

• heat absorption, organelle movement and the transmission of nerve impulses.

• catabolism, cell division and cell growth.

• anabolism, cell movement and active transport.

• passive transport, maintaining cell organisation and releasing heat.

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Proteins have two very different but important roles in the body. These are as both:

• polysaccharides and enzymes.

• structural materials and genetic information.

• structural materials and enzymes.

• hereditary information and enzymes.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

During high rates of anaerobic respiration, lactic acid builds up in a cell’s cytosol. One consequence of this would be:

• the enzyme converting pyruvic acid to lactic acid would become less effective.

• more oxygen would become available.

• the enzymes of the citric acid cycle would be inhibited.

• glycolysis would be increased.

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