Vision

What is the correct process of light in the retina?

• 1. 1. rod and cones

  2. 2. bipolar cells (plus horizontal and amacrine)

  3. 3. ganglion cells

• 1. 1. ganglion cells

  2. 2. bipolar cells (plus horizontal and amacrine)

  3. 3. rod and cones

• 1. 1. bipolar cells (plus horizontal and amacrine)

  2. 2. ganglion cells

  3. 3. rod and cones

• 1. 1. rod and cones

  2. 2. ganglion cells

  3. 3. bipolar cells (plus horizontal and amacrine)

Answer explanation

When playing an RPG you use your RBG

also fovea is all cones lest we forget

Retina:  The layer of the eye covered with the rods and cones.  It initiates the process of visual sensation and perception.

Parts of the retina:  rods and cones  bipolar cells  ganglion cells

What initiates the process of visual sensation and perception?

• 1. Retina

• 1. Primary Visual Cortex

• 1. Subcortical vision

• 1. LGN

Answer explanation

When playing an RPG you use your RBG

also fovea is all cones lest we forget

Retina:  The layer of the eye covered with the rods and cones.  It initiates the process of visual sensation and perception.

Parts of the retina:  rods and cones  bipolar cells  ganglion cells

What happens if we illuminate the entire centre of an off-center ganglion cell?

• We inhibit it completely

• A maximal response is achieved

• The response changes very little from baseline

• You become blind

Answer explanation

If we illuminate the surrounding of it, a maximal response is achieved

The opposite is true for on-centre ganglion cells

In our retina we have, blue, red, green cone cells and then rod cells, yes?
But what else do we have?

• LGN

• Primary visual cortex

• White light sensing cells

• Phosfades

Answer explanation

• Researchers used a technique that allowed them to direct a focused beam of light onto each of the 273 cones (light-sensitive cells) in the eyes of two volunteers.

• Interestingly, when light hit approximately 77% of the blue, green, and red cones, the participants perceived the light as white instead of seeing it as colored.

• The authors of the study suggest that having a significant number of these light-sensitive cells responding to white light might serve a specific purpose. They propose that these white-sensing cells could play a role in helping us distinguish lines, edges, and intricate details of objects in our surroundings.

In essence, this research indicates that a substantial portion of our light-sensing cells, despite being sensitive to different colors, can contribute to perceiving white light. The study suggests that this overlapping response to white light by various cells could be essential for our ability to see and discern fine details in the world around us.

What is the most sensitive area of the retina that is responsible for precise, focused vision?

• Fovea

• Ganglion cells

• Optic nerve

• Bipolar cells

Answer explanation

What is a saccade?

• Pauses during which eyes are almost stationary and visual information is taken in.

• Extracting basic information from the visual scene

• The voluntary sweeping of the eyes from one fixation point to another

• Ignoring half the visual field

Answer explanation

What is A?

• Pulvinar nucleus of house thalamus

• Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)

• Superior colliculus of house midbrain

• Optic radiation

• Optic chiasm

Answer explanation

Geniculostriate Pathway 

Number of different pathways from eye to brain

Main route terminates in primary visual cortex (V1) 

Route called geniculostriate pathway because it goes via lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and terminates in striate cortex (another name for V1) 

Other axons from the retina terminate in other subcortical structures – Pulvinar Nucleus of the thalamus & Superior Colluculus of the midbrain

What is B?

• Pulvinar nucleus of house thalamus

• Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of house thalamus

• Superior colliculus of house midbrain

• Optic radiation

• Optic chiasm

Answer explanation

Geniculostriate Pathway 

Number of different pathways from eye to brain

Main route terminates in primary visual cortex (V1) 

Route called geniculostriate pathway because it goes via lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and terminates in striate cortex (another name for V1) 

Other axons from the retina terminate in other subcortical structures – Pulvinar Nucleus of the thalamus & Superior Colluculus of the midbrain

What is C?

• Pulvinar nucleus of house thalamus

• Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of house thalamus

• Superior colliculus of house midbrain

• Striate cortex

• Optic chiasm

Answer explanation

Geniculostriate Pathway 

Number of different pathways from eye to brain

Main route terminates in primary visual cortex (V1) 

Route called geniculostriate pathway because it goes via lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and terminates in striate cortex (another name for V1) 

Other axons from the retina terminate in other subcortical structures – Pulvinar Nucleus of the thalamus & Superior Colluculus of the midbrain

What is D?

• Pulvinar nucleus of house thalamus

• Lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of house thalamus

• Optic radiation

• Striate cortex

• Optic chiasm

Answer explanation

Geniculostriate Pathway 

Number of different pathways from eye to brain

Main route terminates in primary visual cortex (V1) 

Route called geniculostriate pathway because it goes via lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus and terminates in striate cortex (another name for V1) 

Other axons from the retina terminate in other subcortical structures – Pulvinar Nucleus of the thalamus & Superior Colluculus of the midbrain