Reading for Scientific Purposes FINAL EXAM

What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?

• To discuss the use of echo-sounding instruments in marine research.

• To compare salt domes between the United States Gulf Coast and the Mediterranean.

• To introduce the Glomar Challenger's scientists' task of uncovering the origin of buried seafloor structures.

• To describe the geological composition of the Mediterranean seafloor.

In paragraph 3, the word "peculiarities" most likely refers to the gypsum's _______.

• Uncommon

• Distinctiveness

• Generalization

• Regularity

What can be inferred about the origin of the domelike masses buried beneath the Mediterranean seafloor, considering the recovered samples and drilling operations?

• They are primarily composed of continental rocks transported by ancient rivers.

• They contain evidence of marine fossils that indicate formation in a freshwater lake.

• They consist of hardened sediment, gypsum, and crystalline salt formed under varied environmental conditions.

• They are exclusively comprised of volcanic rocks indicating volcanic activity in the region.

What factor, according to paragraph 4, led to the evaporation of the Mediterranean's waters?

• The shifting of Earth's tectonic plates

• The buildup of sediment layers

• Fluctuations in the water level of the Atlantic Ocean

• Changes in the temperature of Earth

The term "extermination" in the passage is most similar in meaning to which of the following words?

• Cascaded

• Tolerant

• Precipitated

• Elimination

According to the passage, what led to the formation of domelike masses in the Mediterranean seafloor?

• Volcanic activity

• Transportation of continental rocks by ancient rivers

• Deposition of marine fossils in a freshwater lake

• Formation of hardened sediment, gypsum, and crystalline salt under varied environmental conditions

Directions: An introductory sentence for a summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Write the letter of your answer choice IN ORDER.

Introductory: An expedition to the Mediterranean answered some long-standing questions about the ocean's history.

​ ​ A.      The Glomar Challenger expedition investigated changes in invertebrate fauna and some unusual geologic features.

B.      Researchers collected fossils to determine which new species migrated from the Atlantic with older species.

C.      Scientists aboard the Glomar Challenger were the first to discover the existence of domelike masses underneath the seafloor.

D.      Samples recovered from the expedition revealed important differences in chemical composition and fossil distribution among the sediment layers.

E.      Evidence collected by the Glomar Challenger supports geologists’ beliefs that the Mediterranean had evaporated and become a desert, before it refilled with water.

F.       Mediterranean salt domes formed after crustal movements opened the straits between the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, and the Mediterranean refilled with water.

Paraphrase this sentence with your own words.

WhatsApp is one of the latest means of instant communication that has gained widespread popularity.

Paraphrase this sentence with your own words.

Education aims to enable students to understand the world around them and the talents within them so that they can become satisfied individuals.

Paraphrase this sentence with your own words.

Confident people try new things without comparing themselves to others.