8.e.1.2 c.a.

Deep ocean technology has discovered organisms in hydrothermal vents that do not rely on sunlight to survive. What do these organisms use as their energy source?

• chemosynthesis

• electrical charge

• hydropower

• thermal heat

Which factors limit the productivity of a marine ecosystem?

• availability of light and nutrients

• availability of nutrients and fresh water

• availability of light and chemosynthetic organisms

• availability of photosynthetic organisms and fresh water

Scientists have found strange new life-forms called 'tubeworms' on the deep ocean bottom. Which most likely provides energy for the tubeworms?

• algae

• small fish

• photosynthesis

• hydrothermal vents

Which ocean zone contains hydrothermal vents?

• deep zone

• surface zone

• shallow zone

• intertidal zone

How is sonar used to map the surface of the ocean floor?

• Light waves are used to take pictures of the ocean floor.

• Various temperatures are measured to determine the depth of the ocean floor.

• Scuba divers take videos and photographs to document their trips to the ocean floor.

• Sound waves are emitted and bounced off the ocean floor to determine the distance from the receiver.

Which best describes a major function of oceanic upwelling?

• to bring warmer waters to the ocean's surface

• to bring nutrient-rich water to the ocean's surface

• to increase the depths at which light penetrates the ocean's waters

• to force highly productive phytoplankton deeper into the ocean's water

Which best describes the shallow water ocean zone?

• The long water column protects small organisms from being eaten by large predators.

• Cooler water temperatures cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen needed by organisms.

• Sunlight penetration increases algae growth and provides food for a variety of organisms.

• Hydrothermal vents provide heat and dissolved minerals needed by some organisms to survive.

How does upwelling benefit a marine ecosystem?

• Upwelling brings in fresh nutrients.

• Upwelling prevents water from freezing.

• Upwelling cleans pollution from the water.

• Upwelling washes away dangerous predators.

Which would be the impact on the environment if there were no estuaries?

• There would be a drought.

• There would be more pollutants in the oceans.

• There would be a decreased concentration of salt in the oceans.

• There would be less boating, fishing, and swimming in local rivers.

Organisms that live in an intertidal zone must be able to tolerate which changes to survive?

• changes in temperature but not salinity

• changes in salinity but not temperature

• changes in both temperature and salinity

• changes in neither salinity nor temperature