NGSS Biology EOC Review: Evolutionary Biology Quiz

What is natural selection and how does it contribute to the process of evolution?

• Natural selection is the process of organisms randomly changing over time.

• Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce, leading to evolutionary change.

• Natural selection is the process of humans selecting which organisms will survive and reproduce.

• Natural selection is the process of organisms adapting to their environment but not affecting evolution.

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Explain the concept of adaptation and provide examples of how organisms have adapted to their environments.

• Organisms have adapted to their environments by changing their color based on their mood

• Organisms have adapted to their environments through examples such as the development of camouflage in animals to avoid predators, the evolution of long necks in giraffes to reach high leaves for food, and the ability of certain plants to store water in arid environments.

• Examples of adaptation include animals growing wings to fly and plants developing the ability to talk to each other

• Adaptation is when organisms choose to live in a different environment

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Discuss the evidence for evolution, including fossil records, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology.

• Fossil records, astrology, and molecular biology

• Fossil records, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology

• Comparative anatomy, genetics, and chemistry

• Fossil records, creationism, and quantum physics

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What is the difference between convergent and divergent evolution? Provide examples of each.

• Convergent evolution: Dolphins and sharks both evolved to live in the ocean, but they are closely related.

• Convergent evolution: Dogs and cats both evolved to have fur, but they are closely related.

• Convergent evolution: Birds and bats both evolved wings for flight, but they are not closely related. Divergent evolution: Darwin's finches evolved different beak shapes and sizes to adapt to different food sources on the Galapagos Islands.

• Divergent evolution: Lions and tigers evolved to have similar hunting behaviors.

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Explain the process of speciation and the role of isolation in the formation of new species.

• Isolation prevents gene flow between populations, leading to the accumulation of genetic differences and the formation of new species.

• Speciation occurs through the mixing of genes between populations

• Isolation has no impact on the formation of new species

• Genetic differences are not important in the formation of new species

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Discuss the impact of genetic drift and gene flow on the genetic diversity of populations.

• Genetic drift reduces genetic diversity by chance events, while gene flow increases genetic diversity by introducing new alleles from other populations.

• Gene flow reduces genetic diversity by chance events

• Genetic drift and gene flow have no impact on the genetic diversity of populations

• Genetic drift increases genetic diversity by introducing new alleles from other populations

What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and how does it relate to evolutionary processes?

• The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a theory that disproves the concept of evolution

• The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium describes the relationship between allele and genotype frequencies in a population and how they can change over time due to evolutionary processes.

• The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium only applies to plants, not animals

• The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a fixed state and does not change over time

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Explain the concept of coevolution and provide examples of coevolutionary relationships in nature.

• Coevolution is when two species evolve separately without any influence on each other

• Examples of coevolution include the relationship between birds and fish

• Coevolution only occurs between animals and does not involve plants

• Coevolution is the process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution. Examples include the relationship between flowering plants and their pollinators, predator-prey interactions, and the coevolution of parasites and their hosts.

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Discuss the role of mutations in driving evolutionary change and the importance of genetic variation.

• Genetic variation is not important for natural selection

• Mutations have no impact on genetic variation

• Mutations introduce new genetic variations and genetic variation is important for natural selection.

• Mutations only occur in non-essential genes

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What are the major patterns of evolution, including gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, and adaptive radiation?

• Convergent evolution, Divergent evolution, Coevolution

• Gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, and adaptive radiation

• Darwinism, Lamarckism, Mendelism

• Natural selection, Genetic drift, Gene flow

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