Genetics Concept 1: DNA Structure and Replication

How many types of nucleotides are there?

• Five types: sugar, phosphate, adenine, guanine, and thymine

• Four types: A, T, C, and G

• Two types: deoxyribose and ribose

• Three types: adenine, guanine, and thymine

Which part of the DNA molecule carries genetic information?

• Sugar-phosphate backbone

• Nitrogenous bases

• Both carry genetic information

• None of the above

If a sample of DNA consists of 39.7% adenine bases, what would the percentage be of Thymine? Guanine? Cytosine?

• Thymine: 39.7%, Guanine: 10.3%, Cytosine: 10.3%

• Thymine: 39.7%, Guanine: 39.7%, Cytosine: 20.6%

• Thymine: 10.3%, Guanine: 39.7%, Cytosine: 39.7%

• Thymine: 20.6%, Guanine: 39.7%, Cytosine: 39.7%

What are chromosomes made of?

• Proteins

• DNA

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

Why was Oswald Avery’s work important to Watson and Crick?

• He proved that DNA is the genetic material

• He identified the role of DNA in heredity

• He discovered the structure of DNA

• He developed the model of DNA double helix

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Why was X-ray crystallography used to discover the structure of DNA?

• To study the function of DNA polymerase

• To identify the types of nitrogen bases

• To visualize the double helix structure

• To determine the sequence of nucleotides

What were the key pieces of evidence that lead Watson and Crick to discover the shape of DNA?

• Study of RNA structure

• Identification of nucleotides in DNA

• Observation of DNA replication

• X-ray diffraction images of DNA

How does the structure of DNA explain the “mutability” of life?

• DNA structure is resistant to mutations

• Mutations occur due to the instability of DNA structure

• DNA structure allows for changes in genetic information

• Mutations are not related to DNA structure

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What would be the difference in a mistake in a gene vs. in a chromosome?

• Gene mistake affects a single protein, chromosome mistake affects multiple proteins

• Gene mistake affects the entire DNA sequence, chromosome mistake affects a single gene

• Gene mistake leads to genetic disorders, chromosome mistake leads to cancer

• Gene mistake is reversible, chromosome mistake is irreversible

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Explain how DNA serves as its own template during replication

• DNA acts as a catalyst for replication

• DNA polymerase creates a new template for replication

• Each DNA strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand

• RNA primase generates a template for DNA replication