2nd Quarterly Assessment Review

What are the primary bases for the differences between prehistory and history?

• Prehistory includes the events before humans wrote about history. History is the study

  of humans’ past based on written documents which only started at about 5000 BCE.

• Prehistory centers on the study of different archeological evidences and artifacts dating

  from 20,000 BCE until 10,000 BCE. History studies written documents that were

  supported by other disciplines in science.

• Prehistory studies archaeological remains and tools used by early humans dating back

  3 million years ago up to 10,000 BCE. History centers on the study of written records

  that were dated 3000 BCE to the Contemporary Age.

• Prehistory focuses on the study of important events from the Paleolithic until the

  Neolithic Periods. History focuses on the written records which started in the Metal Age

  or the Bronze Age.

Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age)?

• It happened at the same time as the long geological period, the Pleistocene Period.

• Around 95 percent of the prehistoric events regarding technological changes happened

  during the Paleolithic Period.

• It is the transition to the period wherein the way of life was based on agriculture.

• The most important characteristic of this period were the physical changes that

  happened to humans, from being primate-like creatures to a true human.

Why was the Neolithic Period considered to be one of the most important turning points in

the history of mankind?

• It is during this time when early humans first discovered metal and made use of it as a

  tool for their everyday life.

• During this time period early humans started to build settlements in permanent

  communities, and they learned how to grow crops and domesticate animals.

• In this time period, early humans discovered the usage of fire. It served as their

  protection from wild animals, a means to cook their food, and their light source.

• The Neolithic Period is the highest level of cultural and technological development

  during prehistoric times.

What was the process by which ancient communities transitioned from a nomadic lifestyle to

establishing permanent settlements?

• The people adopted agriculture or farming, leading to the establishment of permanent

  settlements.

• The increase in population made it impractical to continue the nomadic way of life.

• The construction of permanent settlements was initiated by the people seeking a more

  comfortable lifestyle.

• The formation of an organized society among the people included distinct social

  classes such as farmers, artisans, and soldiers.

How did ancient Mesopotamians address the challenges posed by river overflow while benefiting

from the rivers that played a crucial role in the development of their city-states?

• The Mesopotamians created a dam or a catch basin in order to collect the water that

  overflowed from the river.

• The Mesopotamians invented an irrigation system which they could use during dry seasons

  in order to prevent the river from overflowing.

• The Mesopotamians used the water that overflowed from the rivers to water their crops and

  help nourish their livestocks.

• The Mesopotamians took advantage of the overflowing rivers to improve their

  transportation, and their commerce and trade with their neighbors.

Which of the following is NOT a standard in determining whether a certain group of people may be called a “civilization”?

• Economic Specialization

• Centralized Government

• Knowledge of Arts and System of Writing

• Standard Educational System

Which of the following is TRUE about the Sumerian Civilization in Mesopotamia?

• In each city-state, you can find a temple called a ziggurat, which served as the home and

  temple of the patrons of the city.

• It was during this time when the Hanging Gardens of Babylon was created. This was later

  on recognized by the Greeks as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

• The Sumerian Empire is considered by many historians as the very first empire in the

  world.

• The Sumerians recorded the events in their society through their ancient system of writing

  called pictogram.

What is the primary reason why Hammurabi's reign is considered as the "Golden Age of

Babylon"?

• He ordered the construction of a huge ziggurat for Marduk, the primary god of Babylon.

• He improved roads and trade routes, enticing traders from India and China to flock to

  Babylon.

• He strengthened the government of the Babylonian Empire by creating a set of laws that

  the people needed to follow.

• His conquering warriors were skilled, and very much feared by his neighboring city-states,

  allowing them to expand their empire to cover most of southwest Asia.

What led to the downfall of the Assyrian Empire, known for its violent and cruel invasions on

Mesopotamian city-states, instilling fear and submission among the conquered people?

• The Assyrian Empire's downfall was caused by a severe famine caused by the natural

  disasters that they constantly faced.

• Most of the people from the Assyrian Empire got struck by an unknown disease that

  caused a severe decline in their population.

• Stronger city-states, specifically the Chaldeans, invaded and conquered many lands owned

  by the Assyrian Empire.

• Uprisings in their occupied territories and the imposition of high taxes caused the downfall

  of Assyrian Empire.

How did the nearly three thousand years of the reign of Mesopotamian citizens in their land

come to an end?

• Great leaders were succeeded by weaker leaders and it caused severe inconsistencies on

  the rules and laws that were being implemented.

• In 359 BCE, the armies of Cyrus the Great of Persia invaded Babylon, conquered the city

  and the entire Babylonian Empire.

• The imposition of high taxes from the people led to revolts and disorder in society, and

  ultimately caused the downfall of the empires in Mesopotamia.

• Stronger civilizations that wanted to expand their territory invaded weaker civilizations

  across Mesopotamia.