Stylistic devices

??????? is a figure of speech in which there is a contradiction of expectation between what is said and what is really meant. It is characterized by an inappropriateness, a contrast, between reality and appearance.

• irony
• literal
• sarcasm
• metonymy

?????? (from the Greek language: meaning "transfer") is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects. It is a figure of speech that compares two or more things not using like or as. In the simplest case, this takes the form: X - is - Y

• simile

• parallelism

• metaphor

• allusion

?????? is a figure of speech in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept.

• Antithesis

• Climax

• Suspense

• Metonymy

??????? is a figure of speech that combines incongruous or contradictory terms. It can be made of an adjective and a noun: they can also be a combination of a noun and a verb.

• quatations

• epigram

• Chiasmus

• Oxymoron

?????? also called paronomasia, involves a word play which suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. They are constructions used in jokes and idioms whose usage and meaning are entirely local to a particular language and its culture. To be understood, They require a large vocabulary.

• simile

• hyperbole

• pun

• euphemisms

?????? (from the Greek, "a yoking, a bond") is a figure of speech in which a word, usually a verb or an adjective, joins different parts of a sentence. It is sometimes differentiated from syllepsis.

• metaphor

• zeugma

• irony

• oxymoron

??????? is used to express a mild, indirect, or vague term to substitute for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term. Some of them intend to amuse, while others intend to give positive appearances to negative events or even mislead entirely.

• irony

• euphemism

• zeugma

• metonymy

??????? is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. It may be used to evoke strong feelings or to create a strong impression, but is not meant to be taken literally. They are exaggerations to create emphasis or effect.

• hyperbole

• pun

• oxymoron

• simile

?????? is a figure of speech comparing two unlike things, often introduced with the word "like", "similar to" or "as".

• simile

• metophor

• metonymy

• climax

??????? relies on the reader being able to understand it and being familiar with the meaning hidden behind the words. The reference may be to a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by implication.

• epigram

• periphrasis

• euphemism

• allusion