Proteins, genes and chromosomes

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. This protein's shape helps it to carry oxygen through the body. Cell A in the picture is a normal red blood cell, and Cell B is a blood cell that is present in a person that has sickle cell anemia. Cell B is shaped this way because the structure of hemoglobin inside the cell has changed. Which statement also describes Cell B?

• It cannot carry oxygen as well as Cell A.
• It has a completely different function than Cell A.
• It does not have any of the same proteins as Cell A.
• Its proteins have different functions than that of Cell A.

A scientist studies two groups of field mice. Although they are both the same kind of mouse, one has dark brown fur, and one has light brown fur. Which statement explains why the second group has light brown fur instead of dark brown?

• Their skin cells do not express genes that control fur color.
• They have a different number of chromosomes.
• There is no protein that determines fur color in their skin cells.
• They have a different amounts of protein that determine fur color.

Which statement describes the structure labeled OCA2 in the picture?

• It's made of a section of protein.
• It’s made of a piece of DNA called a gene.
• It's found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
• It's one of 46 different kinds in the cell.

Which of these is smaller: a cell or a protein?

• Cell
• protein

What protein changes shape in sickle cell anemia?

• mitochondria
• cell membrane
• hemoglobin
• luciferase

What single topic in biology has led to technology that makes glow-in-the-dark pigs, the ability to know your pet dog's ancestral history, and the production of real life cloned sheep?

• Chemistry
• Ecology
• Genetics

Where in a eukaryotic cell would we find the DNA, chromosomes, genes?

• cell membrane
• nucleus
• mitochondria
• cytoplasm

A structure that is made up of the cell’s DNA wrapped around proteins.

• chromosomes
• genes
• cells
• mitochondria

A specific version of a gene.

• protein
• nucleus
• allele
• cell

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for making a product, usually a protein

• cell membrane

• ribosome

• nucleus

• gene