Heat Transfer and Convection Currents in the Mantle Quiz

Mia, Michael, and Rohan are studying geology and they come across the term 'convection currents in the mantle'. They understand it as:

• Movement of molten rock within the Earth's mantle due to heat and cooling, similar to how soup moves when it's heated on a stove

• Movement of air within the Earth's atmosphere due to gravity, similar to how a hot air balloon rises

• Movement of water within the Earth's crust due to pressure, similar to how water in a lake moves when it's windy

• Movement of solid rock within the Earth's core due to heat and cooling, similar to how ice cubes move in a glass of water when they melt

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

David, Maya, and Samuel are studying geology and they come across a hot spring. They wonder how the hot water is coming up from the ground. Which explanation best describes this phenomenon, which is similar to the formation of convection currents in the Earth's mantle?

• It's due to the heat from the Earth's core causing the mantle material to become less dense and rise, then cool and become more dense, causing it to sink back down. This is similar to how hot water rises in the spring, cools down, and sinks back.

• It's due to the cold from the Earth's core causing the mantle material to become less dense and rise, then heat up and become more dense, causing it to sink back down. This is similar to how cold water rises in the spring, heats up, and sinks back.

• It's as a result of the pressure from the Earth's crust causing the mantle material to expand and contract, creating a pumping action. This is similar to how the pressure from the ground causes the water in the spring to expand and contract.

• It's because of the gravitational pull from the moon causing the mantle material to rise and fall in a circular motion. This is similar to how the moon's gravity affects the water in the spring.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Ava, Zoe, and Liam are studying geology and they come across a lava lamp. They notice the blobs of wax moving up and down in the lamp. Ava suggests that this movement is similar to the movement of tectonic plates on Earth. What role do the convection currents in the lava lamp play in this comparison?

• They are responsible for the formation of the blobs of wax, similar to the formation of tectonic plates.

• They cause the blobs of wax to shrink and expand, similar to the tectonic plates.

• They drive the movement of the blobs of wax, similar to the movement of tectonic plates.

• They have no effect on the movement of the blobs of wax, similar to the tectonic plates.

Mason, Noah, and Isla are studying geology and they come across a lava lamp. They notice the blobs of wax moving up and down in the lamp. Can they explain this movement as similar to how convection currents transfer heat in the mantle?

• They can explain it as convection currents transferring heat in the mantle by the reflection of sunlight off the Earth's surface

• They can explain it as convection currents transferring heat in the mantle by the process of evaporation and condensation

• They can explain it as convection currents transferring heat in the mantle by the rotation of the Earth's core

• They can explain it as convection currents transferring heat in the mantle by the movement of the mantle material caused by differences in temperature and density.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Kai, Noah, and Mia are on a field trip to a geology museum. They come across an exhibit about the Earth's mantle. The guide asks them, 'What is the primary source of heat in the Earth's mantle?'

• Geothermal energy

• Radioactive decay

• Solar radiation

• Volcanic eruptions

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

William, Nora, and David are studying the Earth's mantle. They learned that heat transfer occurs in the mantle in a certain way. Can you tell them how this happens?

• By the process of evaporation

• Through photosynthesis

• Due to convection currents

• By radiation

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Aria, James, and Arjun are studying geology and they are discussing the Earth's mantle. They are trying to understand the relationship between temperature and density in the mantle. Can you help them?

• Temperature and density have a direct relationship in the mantle.

• Temperature has no effect on density in the mantle.

• Density increases as temperature increases in the mantle.

• Temperature and density have an inverse relationship in the mantle.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Scarlett, Michael, and Arjun are camping and they decide to heat a can of beans over the campfire. Describe the process of heat transfer through conduction in this scenario.

• Heat is transferred through the movement of the campfire smoke

• Heat is transferred through the release of energy from the burning wood

• Heat is transferred from the hot campfire stones to the can through direct contact.

• Heat is transferred through the light of the campfire

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Arjun, Ava, and Nora are studying geology and they come across a real-world scenario. They learn that the heat from the Earth's core creates convection currents in the mantle. How do these convection currents affect the Earth's surface?

• They create a stable and unchanging surface

• They cause the oceans to freeze over

• They cause tectonic plate movement and can lead to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains.

• They have no impact on the Earth's surface

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Arjun, Nora, and Maya are studying geology and they are discussing the impact of convection currents on the Earth's geological features. They are trying to understand how convection currents could affect the formation of mountains, ocean basins, and volcanic activity. Can you explain this to them?

• Convection currents only affect the atmosphere and not the Earth's geological features

• Convection currents in the mantle cause tectonic plate movement, leading to the formation of mountains, ocean basins, and volcanic activity.

• Convection currents have no impact on the Earth's geological features

• Convection currents cause the Earth's surface to remain unchanged

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2