Genetics & Evolution Quiz

The four butterflies in the illustration represent the offspring in the F₁ generation. Which statement is best supported by the phenotypes of these offspring?

• The F₁ generation is composed only of males.

• Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will not be able to reproduce.

• The F₁ generation is the result of a dihybrid cross.

• Two of the offspring in the F₁ generation will experience a spontaneous mutation

The initial steps in gene expression are modeled. Double-stranded DNA first unwinds into two strands. Which process and product are represented in the diagrams?

• Process: transcription; product: mRNA

• Process: translation; product: protein

• Process: replication; product: tRNA

• Process: recombination; product: polymerase

Name the process in the picture.

• transcription
• mitosis
• translation
• replication

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited. Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

• A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

• The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells

• The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

• A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

An analysis of DNA and RNA sequences can be used to classify organisms. A dendrogram, such as the one shown, is based on molecular data. It can be used to represent evolutionary relationships within a group of organisms that are hypothesized to have descended from a common ancestor. Which statement is best supported by the information in this dendrogram?

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to raccoons.

• Brown bears are more genetically similar to giant pandas than they are to sun bears.

• Lesser pandas are more genetically similar to raccoons than they are to giant pandas.

• The bear species are all more genetically similar to dogs than they are to giant pandas.

What is this an example of?

• vestigial structures
• embryology
• homologous structures
• fossil record

How do scientists cut DNA into smaller strands?

• restriction enzymes
• scissors
• ligase
• agarose

The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called

• selective breeding 
• genetic engineering
• inbreeding
• hybridization

Two organisms that are closely related would have

• very similar DNA sequence
• exactly the same DNA sequences
• no proteins in common
• completely different DNA sequence

According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to -

• Amphibians
• Sharks
• Ray Finned Fish
• Crocodiles