AP Human Geography Midterm Review

A formal region defines an area in which

• a core dominates its surrounding hinterland

• a transportation network links different types of land use

• there is uniformity in one or more physical or human characteristics

• there are significant geographic variations in physical or human characteristics

• a unified government system has been established

Which of the following describes a concern for a country with an aging population?

• As a country’s population ages, the life expectancy for the younger population of the country decreases and healthcare costs decline.

• As a country’s population ages, the infant mortality rate decreases and there is an increased need for daycare centers.

• As the proportion of older people in the country increases, fewer young workers are available to contribute tax revenues to support programs that provide services to the older population.

• As the proportion of older people in the country increases, the sex ratio becomes disproportionally skewed toward males.

• As the proportion of older people increases, the total population decreases because older people do not have children.

The map shows the number of people per unit of land. Which of the following types of data are shown in the map?

• Arithmetic density

• Physiological density

• Agricultural density

• Urban density

• Suburban density

Which of the following is the primary assumption of environmental determinism?

• Human destiny is controlled by the cultural environment .

• The physical environment has little influence on humans .

• Humans have complete control over the physical environment .

• Many human adaptations are possible within a specific physical environment .

• The physical environment controls human culture .

There has been an increase in asylum seekers from Syria to the European Union in recent years. Which of the following best describes the reason for this migration?

• A large rural-to-urban population shift within Syria

• A continuing rise in employment for asylum seekers in the European Union

• A continuing issue of conflict and political unrest within Syria

• The tightening of asylum policies by the European Union

• The tightening of guest-worker policies by the European Union

The measure of the average number of children who are born to women of childbearing age in the population is called the

• actual birth rate

• crude birth rate

• total fertility rate

• adjusted birth rate

• net reproduction ratio

Which of the following is the belief that one’s own culture is the best or better than other cultures? (A) Ethos (B) Prejudice (C) Ethnocentrism (D) Stereotyping (E) Acculturation

• Ethos

• Prejudice

• Ethnocentrism

• Stereotyping

• Acculturation

The state of California, often considered a hearth of environmental laws, will be the first state to ban plastic straws. Which of the following statements best describes the likely spread of this environmental practice?

• This practice will likely spread via hierarchical diffusion when the president of the United States signs an executive order banning plastic straws in all states.

• This practice will likely spread via social media and stimulus diffusion when other states enact identical laws banning plastic straws.

• As regional news organizations report on the ban, this practice will likely spread through contagious diffusion only to western states adjacent to California.

• Strong lobbying by the plastics industry will likely curtail the diffusion of the ban, and this practice will be limited to California.

• Similar environmental laws will likely spread through stimulus diffusion to other states via political activism.

Based on the population pyramid above, which of the following will pose the greatest demographic challenge to China beginning in 2029?

• Providing for the needs of its aging population

• Finding enough teachers to educate the young

• Limiting out-migration of the 60- to 64-year-old age cohort

• Providing prenatal medical care

• Controlling population growth

Which of the following explains an unintended consequence of China’s antinatalist one-child policy?

• A dramatic reduction of the birth rate and a decline of the rate of natural increase rate, resulting in lower population growth.

• Agricultural families were forced to relocate to the nearest city to search for employment, resulting in increased urban population.

• A projected shortage of working-age people to care for the rising elderly population, resulting in an increase in the cost of living for older people.

• Decreased spending on childhood expenses, such as education and nursery supplies results in a drop in domestic economic productivity.

• A decreased emphasis on education due to the decreasing numbers of school-age children results in a loss of international competitiveness.