Unit 5, Lesson 11: Reading Comprehension

Read the first paragraph on page 62.

The author uses drive when stating, "Weathering and erosion, as you read in Chapter 6, are processes that drive the rock cycle." What does this statement mean? Check all that apply.

• The rock cycle occurs due to weathering and erosion.

• Weathering occurs due to the rock cycle.

• Weathering and erosion serve as the basis for the rock cycle happening.

• Erosion occurs due to the rock cycle.

Read the first paragraph on page 63.

Swinging means "shifting from one condition to another." The author states that "widely swinging temperatures cause physical weathering." What is meant by the phrase "widely swinging temperatures?"

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Answer explanation

Widely swinging temperatures means temperatures that change drastically from one extreme to another.

Check for Understanding: Is a change in temperature from 65 degrees to 63 degrees and back an example of "widely swinging temperatures?"

YES OR NO?

Page 63, 1st Paragraph: The scorching ​ ​ (a)   during the day causes rocks to ​ (b)   . As temperatures ​ (c)   at night, rocks ​ (d)   . Over time, this cycle of expanding and contracting causes rocks' ​ (e)   to crumble or flake off, which is a form of physical weathering.

• melt,
• shrink
• freeze
• erode
• inner layers
• heat
• expand
• cool
• contract
• outer layers

Page 64: What does the idiom eats away at mean?

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Answer explanation

Eats away at means "erodes." In this paragraph the author is saying that acid rain erodes the outside of buildings.

Page 64: How do geologists know there is an unobserved weathering? Check all that apply.

• When scientists find hotspots.

• When scientists find tectonic plate movement.

• Rain seeps into the ground, causing carbonic acid to weather buried rocks.

• When scientists find underground caves.

Page 65, 1st Paragraph: Reorder the process of chemical weathering in rocks from the beginning to the end.

• Oxygen reacts with iron-containing minerals when water is present.

• Oxygen and water work together.

• They react to iron-containing materials.

• This makes rocks brittle and crumbly.

• Rocks turn a rusty red color.

Check for Understanding

Page 65: Judging from the text, what might be a good clue that a rock or mineral contains iron?

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Answer explanation

If the material crumbles and turns red when exposed to oxygen and water, it might very well contain iron.

Page 66, 3rd Paragraph: In the paragraph the author states, "When wind-driven sand hits rock, it chips off tiny pieces." What does wind-driven mean?

• Guided by magnetic force
• Controlled by ocean currents
• Powered by solar energy
• Wind-driven means driven or propelled by the force of the wind.

Page 67: Match each meaning of pepper to the correct image.

• To sprinkle or cover

• 
• A green, yellow, or red vegetable

• 
• A food seasoning

•