Biology Midterm Review

What is photosynthesis?

• is a process where radiant energy (sunlight) is used to make glucose.

• is a process where glucose is used to make ATP

• is a process where radiant energy (sunlight) is used to make water.

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a type of sugar. This makes the first answer choice correct, as it accurately describes the role of sunlight in producing glucose.

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Where does photosynthesis occur?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Nucleus

Answer explanation

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where sunlight is converted into chemical energy. Mitochondria are involved in energy production, and the nucleus contains genetic material, but neither is responsible for photosynthesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

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What is the formula for photosynthesis?

• C₆H₁₂O_{6 +} O_{2 -->} CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight

• Sunlight + Oxygen --> Glucose + Sunlight

• CO₂ + H₂O + sunlight ----> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

Answer explanation

The correct formula for photosynthesis is CO2 + H2O + sunlight --> C6H12O6 + O2. This shows that carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose and oxygen.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

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What process happens in the mitochondria?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

• Synthesis of proteins

Answer explanation

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration occurs. This process converts glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water, making it essential for cellular function.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

What is the chemical energy in the cell called?

• ATP

• CO2

• Proteins

Answer explanation

The chemical energy in the cell is called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It serves as the primary energy carrier, fueling various cellular processes, unlike CO2 and proteins, which do not function as energy currency.

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If there is 1000 Kcal available in the producers in trophic level 1, how much energy is available in the herbivores in trophic level 2?

• 10Kcal

• 1Kcal

• 100Kcal

• 1000Kcal

Answer explanation

In an ecosystem, only about 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. Therefore, from 1000 Kcal in producers (trophic level 1), approximately 100 Kcal is available to herbivores in trophic level 2.

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The diagram represents a pyramid of energy in an ecosystem.  Which level would most likely contain members of the plant kingdom?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Answer explanation

In a pyramid of energy, the base level (D) typically contains producers, which are members of the plant kingdom. They convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, making them essential for the ecosystem.

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The maintenance of an organism’s internal environment is called:

• compensating

• homeostasis

• balancing

• routine

Answer explanation

The maintenance of an organism's internal environment is known as homeostasis. This process ensures stability in response to changes, making 'homeostasis' the correct choice among the options provided.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-3

If the environment gets cold, we will often shiver in order to:

• keep body temperature the same as the external temperature

• decrease body temperature

• increase body temperature

• regulate blood pressure

Answer explanation

When the environment gets cold, shivering generates heat through muscle activity, helping to increase body temperature and maintain homeostasis.

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Homeostasis

• allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment

• is impossible in vertebrates

• is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

• is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation

Answer explanation

Homeostasis is crucial for maintaining a stable internal environment, allowing organisms to function effectively. It often involves feedback regulation to adjust physiological processes, making the correct choice the one that describes this accurately.

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