Unit 5

The industrialization of Great Britain’s economy in the mid-eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries is most directly explained by which of the following?

• Britain had large reserves of petroleum.

  
  

• British scientists were the first to discover electricity.

  
  

• Britain had large reserves of coal.

  
  

• British engineers developed new methods of producing cheaper steel.

  
  

During the nineteenth century, Asian and African rulers usually desired transfer of which of the following western technologies most?

• Medicines

• Weapons

• Navigational instruments

  
  

• Textile manufacturing equipment

  
  

Which of the following most directly explains the importance of improved agricultural productivity to the industrialization of economic production in western Europe in the period 1750–1900 ?

• Because the nutritional quality of food greatly improved, more people were able to sustain the long working hours that factory labor required.

  
  

• Because less labor was needed on farms, more people moved to urban areas to work in factories.

  
  

• Because farmers needed less land to produce the same amount of food, they could build textile factories on the excess land.

  
  

• Because greater quantities of food could be sold at higher prices, governments could tax farmers at higher rates and use those revenues to build factories.

  
  

Which of the following developments in the period 1878–1922 best explains the change in Japanese trade patterns shown in the graphs above?

• Japanese manufacturing output decreased because Japanese leaders restricted commercial ties.

  
  

• Export of manufactured goods declined because United States tariffs on Japanese goods increased.

  
  

• Japanese manufacturing output rose as a consequence of industrialization.

  
  

• Japanese imports of raw materials increased as a consequence of extensive immigration to Japan.

  
  

Which of the following European developments is most closely associated with the revolution in Haiti?

• The Protestant Reformation

  
  

• The Russian Revolution

  
  

• The French Revolution

  
  

• The Industrial Revolution

  
  

Which of the following best describes an important difference between Karl Marx’s theory of socialist revolution and that of V. I. Lenin?

• Only Marx stressed the importance of the “class struggle” in history.

  
  

• Only Marx stressed the primary role of the industrial proletariat.

  
  

• Only Marx thought that a socialist revolution must be achieved through parliamentary reform.

  
  

• Only Lenin argued that the workers’ revolution would have to be led by professional revolutionaries.

  
  

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution?

• The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not.

  
  

• The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king.

  
  

• The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

  
  

• The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.

  
  

Which of the following contributed the most to the growth of the movement to abolish slavery in the Atlantic world?

• Increased availability of Asian indentured labor

  
  

• The adaptation of Enlightenment ideas challenging established social hierarchies

  
  

• The efforts of industrialists to create a more flexible workforce

  
  

• A decline in the number of enslaved persons being taken from Africa

  
  

Which of the following best describes how nineteenth-century European industrialization affected European women’s lives?

• By the end of the century, new social welfare legislation made it possible for most women to earn university degrees.

  
  

• Married women found it increasingly difficult to balance wage work and family responsibilities.

  
  

• By the end of the century, women gained the right to vote in most European countries.

  
  

• Women came to dominate the agricultural workforce as men moved to cities to take industrial jobs.

  
  

The development of the factory system most directly explains which of the following characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

• The higher degree of educational achievement among workers

  
  

• A decline in the diversity of consumer goods

  
  

• Large increases in the prices of most consumer goods

  
  

• The greater degree of labor specialization