Who is considered the founder of the behaviorist school of thought in psychology?

• Carl Jung

• Sigmund Freud

• Ivan Pavlov

• William James

What did Ivan Pavlov study for nearly 20 years before earning Russia's first Nobel Prize?

• Human behavior

• Animal behavior

• Neuroscience

• Digestive system

What did Pavlov observe about the dogs in his experiments with meat powder and neutral stimuli?

• They started drooling

• They became aggressive

• They started barking

• They became passive

What is the process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors through experience called?

• Learning

• Conditioning

• Thinking

• Observation

What is the term for when a subject links certain events, behaviors, or stimuli together in the process of conditioning?

• Observational learning

• Intuitive learning

• Associative learning

• Cognitive learning

What is the unconditioned stimulus in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs?

• The drooling

• The light

• The meat powder

• The bell sound

What is the neutral stimulus in Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs?

• The meat powder

• The bell sound

• The drooling

• The light

What is the term for the process of learning through associating our own behavior with consequences?

• Classical conditioning

• Operant conditioning

• Cognitive conditioning

• Behavioral conditioning

What strengthens responses by giving rewards after a desired event?

• Negative reinforcement

• Positive reinforcement

• Punishment

• Extinction

What increases a behavior by taking away an aversive or upsetting stimulus?

• Extinction

• Positive reinforcement

• Punishment

• Negative reinforcement