Physiology MOD 1

What is homeostasis?

• A dynamic steady state at equilibrium

• Maintenance of a relatively constant environment

• A state of constant change

• A disruption of physiological variables

How are homeostasis and disease related?

• Homeostasis causes disease
• They are related as homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, while disease disrupts this balance.
• Disease helps maintain a stable internal environment
• They are not related at all

Reorder the following: the components of a homeostatic system

• Stimulus/perturbation: Change in the internal environment.

• Sensor/receptor: Detects changes in the regulated variable.

• Control center: Processes information and sends signals.

• Effector: Produces responses to bring the regulated variable back to the set point.

• Effector response: Action taken by effectors.

What is the main characteristic of negative feedback control?

• Increases the effect of the perturbation

• Reverses change and decreases the effect of the perturbation

• Anticipates a physiological perturbation

• Drives the system to extreme until something outside of the system shuts it off

Match the following components of a homeostatic system.

• Blood vessels and the heart

• Effector Response

• Medulla

• Sensor:

• 100mgHG

• Set Point:

• Baroreceptor

• Effector

• Vasodilation/constriction, HR change

• Control Center

What is the force that would need to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis?

• Osmotic gradient

• Osmolarity

• Osmotic pressure

• Tonicity

Match the following examples with the suitable mechanism of action.

• Feedforward

• Body temperature regulation, Thyroid hormone regulation, Blood glucose regulation

• Negative Feedback

• Salivation for food, anticipatory thermogenesis before exercise

• Positive Feedback Loop

• Milk Ejection Reflex, Blood clotting, action potentials in neurons

What is the primary energy source for primary active transport?

• Energy of electrochemical gradient

• Potential energy stored as an ionic electrochemical gradient

• Energy of ion gradient

• ATP hydrolysis

What is the process by which materials move out of the cell by fusion with the plasma membrane of vesicles formed inside the cell?

• Bulk-phase endocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Exocytosis

• Endocytosis

Match the following: the red outline is the cell and the outside of it is the solution.

• Isotonic Solution

• 
• Hypertonic Solution

• 
• Hypotonic Solution

•