APES Mini Geology Chapter 11 Review

Which of the following is false?

• Most earthquakes occur near the center of a tectonic plate.

• Minerals are considered non-renewable resources.

• Rocks can change from one type to another over time.

• Tsunamis (tidal waves) have nothing to do with the tides.

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Which type of rock forms from sediment becoming compressed?

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Organic

This type of rock is formed from magma cooling.

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

• Organic

What do convection cells do?

Answer explanation

A convection cell is an area within a fluid where warm material is rising in the center and cold material is sinking at the edges. As far as tectonic plates, these convection cells can cause plates to move.

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Which of the following is involved in sedimentary rock formation?

• Stress

• Pressure

• Weathering

• Burial

• Heat

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Subduction occurs when a continental plate slides up and over an oceanic plate. Why is the oceanic plate pushed down?

• Because the continental plate is thicker

• Because the oceanic plate is more dense

• Because the continental plate is more dense

• Because the oceanic plate is thinner

Which of the following describes the lithosphere?

• Light, solid rock that covers about 41% of the Earth's surface (although some is under the ocean)

• Hot, partly melted rock that flows and can be deformed.

• Solid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and the upper mantle.

• Solid metallic ball made up of mostly iron and nickel

Label each plate boundary in the image provided. Use these labels over the top: Convergenet, Divergent, and Transform. Use these labels for underneath: 'subduction zones occur here', 'lots of volcanic activity', 'lots of earthquakes', 'new plate growth', 'sea floor spreading', and 'creates igneous rock and metamorphic rock'.

Answer explanation

Left (arrows pointing toward each other): Convergent Boundary, subduction zones occur here, creates igneous and metamorphic rock

Middle: Transform Boundary, lots of earthquakes

Right (arrows pointing away from each other: Divergent boundary, sea-floor spreading, lots of volcanic activity, new plate growth

Complete the labeling for this image. Major labels: Core, Inner Core, Crust, Mantle. Minor labels: 'thin rocky shell', 'thick layer of hot rock', 'molten metal, mostly iron', 'solid metal, mostly iron'.

Answer explanation

The outermost layer is the CRUST - this is the thin rocky layer we think of as the Earth's surface.

The second layer under the crust is the MANTLE - this layer is a thick layer of hot rock that actually flows, but very slowly

The third layer from the outside is the OUTER CORE - this layer is made of mostly iron and nickel, but the metals are liquified

The innermost layer is called the INNER CORE - this is a solid ball (because of the intense pressure) and is made of mostly just two metals - iron and nickel

Which of the following is the definition of seismic waves?

• Vibrations caused when energy accumulated over time is released

• The place where an earthquake begins

• The interaction of physical and chemical processes that change rocks from one type to another

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