Natural Selection

Overuse of antibiotics can lead to drug-resistant bacteria strains that can raise significant concerns for public health. What process is responsible for the development of antibacterial resistance?

• fermentation

• genetic engineering

• meiosis

• natural selection

Since medication was first introduced to treat staph infections, the number of infections from resistant staph bacteria (MRSA) has increased significantly. What has caused the increase?

• Doctors sometimes treat staph infections with antiviral drugs instead of antibiotics

• When antibiotics are used, only resistant bacteria survive and those that survive pass on their genes for resistance

• When antibiotics are used, the bacteria choose to change their DNA to become resistant

• The treatment kills some of the bacteria, but it alters the DNA of the other bacteria, making them resistant

How does resistance develop in a population?

• random mutations lead to a trait that helps the organism survive

• humans select the organisms best able to survive

• individual organisms fight to see which is strongest

• the drug treatment alters the organism's DNA, leading to a trait that increases survival

A pesticide is sprayed on grape vines to kill flies. Most of the flies die, but a few survive and the survivors have genes that protect them from the pesticide. What will most likely happen in the future?

• The flies will become extinct

• The flies will change color to adapt to their environment

• There will be more pesticide-resistant flies

• There will be no change in the allele frequencies of the resistance trait

Which of the following disprove Lamarck's theory of evolution? (Multi-select)

• Organisms have vestigial structures and Lamarck theorized that unused body parts would disappear within an organism's lifetime

• The modern horse descended from an ancient ancestor that was smaller and had toes instead of hooves

• Acquired traits can not be passed on to offspring

• Many organisms like flamingoes and giraffes have specific body structures that make them particularly well-suited to their environments

Which of the following terms describes a heritable trait that increases the likelihood that an organism will survive and reproduce?

• fitness

• evolution

• natural selection

• adaptation

What is natural selection?

• small changes over a long time leading to a new species

• humans choosing which individuals to mate to get desired results

• the probability that something will survive and reproduce

• the individuals that are best suited to their environment survive longer to pass on more of their genes

Which of the following correctly matches the term with its example?

• Natural Selection - a volcanic eruption wipes out the entire population of orchids living on an island

• Evolution - over thousands of years, a species of fish becomes tolerant of more acidic ocean conditions

• Fitness - a lion is stronger than a gazelle, so it is further up the food chain

• Adaptation - brown rabbits living in a snowy area are more likely to be eaten by a predator

What is happening in the image shown here?

• As environmental conditions change, a different trait becomes favorable and the number of dark moths increases

• As environmental conditions change, a different trait becomes favorable and the number of dark moths decreases

• The dark moth population increases as the moths avoid predation by changing what color their wings are to better blend in with their environment

• The dark moth population stays the same because they are not affected by the change in their environment

Why is Darwin called the father of evolution?

• He was the first person to come up with the idea of evolution

• He proposed natural selection as an explanation of how evolution happens after observing many species around the world

• He proposed evolution happened through organisms intentionally changing their bodies during their own lifetimes

• He was the best biology student at his college and gave lectures about evolution all around England