AP HUGE Midterm Review & Reteach

In the context of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict, which term best describes the concept of reclaiming or reuniting territory based on historical or ethnic claims?

• a. Imperialism

• b. Irredentism

• c. Secessionism

• d. Balkanization

• e. Devolution

Based on the map to the right, which of the following can be identified as a true statement about Northern Ireland?

• a. It is united with the rest of the island to form a sovereign nation-state.

• b. It forms its own sovereign nation- state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group.

• c. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area.

• d. It is physically separate from the rest of the United Kingdom, a multinational state.

• e. It is a stateless nation, as the entire island of Ireland is under the control of the United Kingdom.

Which of the following terms identifies the type of regions shown in the dark gray-shaded areas on the map to the right?

• a. Functional regions

• b. Vernacular regions

• c. Urban regions

• d. Physical regions

• e. Autonomous regions

Which of the following describes a unitary form of governance?

• a. Stronger states and transnational corporations indirectly control weaker states.

• b. A state has a strong central government with no (or very little) power given to regions.

• c. A collection of independent communities shares government services.

• d. A state's more powerful central government shares power with its regions.

• e. A sense of unity, often derived from ethnic or cultural traits, binds a country together.

According to Zelinsky's mobility transition model, which of the following would apply to a stage 4 DTM country?

• a. Low levels of migration within and between cities, with little to no urban-to-suburban migration and rapid rates of natural increase

• b. Little to no migration at all with natural increase rates close to zero

• c. Massive rural to urban migration with rapid modernization and rates of natural increase

• d. High levels of migration within and between cities, as well as urban-to-suburban migration, with little to no natural increase

• e. No stage 4 DTM countries currently exist

As Buddhism diffused through East Asia, Buddhist traditions blended with local cultural customs to create distinct religious practices, such as Daoism in China and Shinto in Japan. Which of the following terms best describes this blending of cultural traditions?

• a. Assimilation

• b. Acculturation

• c. Possibilism

• d. Multiculturalism

• e. Syncretism

Which of the following best exemplifies the diffusion of popular culture throughout the world in contemporary society?

• a. The increasing popularity of a fashion trend that originates in a large city, such as New York, and spreads to small rural towns

• b. The spread of an Internet meme via social media applications

• c. The spread of a religion through the migration of adherents of the religion

• d. The increasing popularity of a new band that spends a year touring cities around the world

• e. The spread of new slang that becomes widely used in government-funded schools

Which of the following is a likely outcome of gerrymandering?

• a. Splitting areas of majority group voters across a number of legislative representatives' districts

• b. Packing areas of minority group voters into a single legislative representative's district

• c. Disrupting electronic polling machines or the data networks run by elections officials

• d. Placing a legislative representative's districts in a row pattern while drawing a new electoral map

• e. Supporting political party candidates with campaign funds intended to be used in particular geographic areas

The Berlin Conference established the borders of North African countries including Egypt, Libya, and Sudan. The landscape of these countries influenced the types of boundaries imposed by the European colonial powers. Which of the following boundary types best explains the influence of landscape on the political borders of the North African region?

• a. Antecedent, based on tribal cultural boundaries that existed before European colonization

• b. Subsequent, with smaller buffer states placed between larger states to prevent political conflicts

• c. Consequent, accounting for local differences in language and religion during European colonization

• d. Natural, with irregular lines, accounting for regional physical features such as mountains or water bodies

• e. Superimposed, placed on the area without regard for tribal or cultural differences of the areas

Which statement best describes devolution:

• a. The integration of minority groups into the majority culture.

• b. The sharing of power and decision making among various levels of government

• c. The process by which a state destabilizes as a result of pressures that divide groups

• d. Reorganization of boundaries to accommodate the cultural affinity of one or more minority groups

• e. Perceived discrimination of minority groups