Social Studies Midterm Quiz Practice 4

What were the two eras of prehistory and what was the difference between them?

• Paleolithic and Mesolithic; cave dwelling vs nomadic lifestyle

• Mesolithic and Neolithic; hunting vs fishing

• Paleolithic and Neolithic; nomads vs settled farming

• Neolithic and Iron Age; stone tools vs metal tools

What is the difference between a primary and secondary source?

• Primary: eyewitness, Secondary: culmination of primary sources

• Primary: written records, Secondary: oral traditions

• Primary: original documents, Secondary: digital records

• Primary: ancient artifacts, Secondary: historical documents

Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys?

• Annual flooding provided silt/nutrients

• Abundance of precious metals

• Strategic military advantage

• Access to advanced technology

Where did the first ever complex civilization develop?

• Mesopotamia

• Egypt

• India

• China

What is the difference between hellenism and swahili?

• Hellenism: monotheistic religion, Swahili: polytheistic religion

• Hellenism: spread of Greek culture, Swahili: combination of East African, Indian, and Arabic culture

• Hellenism: isolation, Swahili: cultural diffusion

• Hellenism: feudalism, Swahili: manorialism

How did Confucianism impact Chinese culture in positive and negative ways?

• Positive: promoted equality, Negative: led to social unrest

• Positive: brought order to China based on filial piety, Negative: women did not have rights

• Positive: encouraged creativity, Negative: limited education

• Positive: emphasized individualism, Negative: discouraged family values

What was the key to the dynastic cycle in China?

• Cultural diffusion

• Mandate of Heaven (right to rule China, blessing from the gods)

• Feudalism and manorialism

• Transregional trade

How did Constantine and Diocletian contribute to the fall of Rome?

• Constantine: strengthened military, Diocletian: promoted economic growth

• Constantine: established democracy, Diocletian: expanded trade routes

• Constantine: converted to Christianity, Diocletian: partitioned east/west

• Constantine: embraced feudalism, Diocletian: supported manorialism

What is the importance of Athens?

• In control of trade/navy/taxes

• Capital of Byzantine, located on strategic land, controlled trade

• Controlled Mediterranean sea for 1000 years

• Center of gold/salt trade

What were the causes and effects of the Peloponnesian Wars?

• Causes: Carthage vs Rome for trade, Effects: dominated the Mediterranean sea

• Causes: Empire too large/expensive to protect, Effects: Rome fell to the German invaders

• Causes: Athens grew rich from Delian League, Effects: civil war ended the golden age of Athens

• Causes: Athens and Sparta vs Persia, Effects: Athenian golden age