During which stage do infants and toddlers use their senses to understand the world, and their goal is to learn "object permanence"? 

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

• Sensorimotor

In the preoperational stage, children are egocentric and have difficulty understanding the point of view of others. What is another characteristic of their thinking during this stage?

• Advanced logical reasoning

• Trouble with abstract ideas

• Mathematical reasoning

• Use of symbols, memory, and imagination

Children in the concrete operational stage can reason mathematically and think about two dimensions simultaneously. What limitation remains in their logical thinking during this stage?

• Egocentrism

• Trouble with abstract ideas

• Difficulty using symbols

• Lack of mathematical ability

At what age range do adolescents enter the formal operational stage, where they can think logically about abstract and hypothetical ideas?

• Birth to two years old

• Two to six years old

• Six or seven to 11 years old

• 11 or 12 years old and up

What concept do children in the formal operational stage understand, allowing them to think about complex mathematical formulas and cause-and-effect relationships? 

• Object permanence

• Egocentrism

• Abstract thinking

• Concrete operations

During which stage do children become less egocentric and start considering the viewpoints and feelings of other people?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

What percentage of high school graduates in industrialized countries is estimated to reach the formal operational stage?

• 10%

• 25%

• 35%

• 50%

In which stage do children have a mature use of language and can use symbols, memory, and imagination?

• Sensorimotor

• Preoperational

• Concrete Operational

• Formal Operational

At the beginning of the formal operational stage, there is a temporary return to egocentric thought. True or False?

Children in the concrete operational stage can divide and sort items into categories. What is a limitation of their logical thinking during this stage?

• Difficulty with abstract ideas

• Lack of mathematical ability

• Egocentrism

• Trouble using symbols