What is the process by which a protostar forms from a collapsing molecular cloud?

• Photosynthesis

• Chemical reaction

• Nuclear fusion

• Gravitational collapse

What are the main factors that determine the formation of a protostar?

• Gravitational collapse, conservation of angular momentum, increase in temperature and pressure

• Solar wind, magnetic field, decrease in temperature

• Planetary alignment, decrease in mass, increase in volume

• Supernova explosion, decrease in pressure, increase in temperature

What is the main nuclear fusion process that occurs in the core of a star?

• Fusion of nitrogen into carbon

• Fusion of hydrogen into helium

• Fusion of carbon into oxygen

• Fusion of helium into hydrogen

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

What are the main stages in the life cycle of a star, from its formation to its death?

• Creation, expansion, collapse, explosion, disappearance

• Birth, adolescence, adulthood, old age, death

• Formation, black hole, red giant, white dwarf, supernova

• Formation, main sequence, red giant, planetary nebula, and white dwarf or supernova

What happens to a star during the red giant phase of its life cycle?

• It expands and becomes larger and cooler.

• It shrinks and becomes smaller and hotter.

• It remains the same size and temperature.

• It disappears completely.

What is the main trigger for a supernova explosion?

• Supernatural intervention

• Excessive solar radiation

• Collapse of a massive star's core

• Collision with an asteroid

What are the different types of supernovae and how do they occur?

• Type I and Type II supernovae occur through the same process in different stages of a star's life cycle.

• Type I and Type II supernovae occur through different processes in binary star systems and massive stars, respectively.

• Type X and Type Y supernovae occur through the same process in different types of galaxies.

• Type A and Type B supernovae occur through different processes in small stars and medium-sized stars, respectively.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-3

What is the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and how does it help in understanding stellar evolution?

• It is a diagram that plots the mass of stars against their color, helping to understand the life cycle of stars.

• It is a graph that plots the luminosity of stars against their surface temperature, helping to understand the life cycle of stars.

• It is a chart that shows the age of stars against their brightness, helping to understand the life cycle of stars.

• It is a graph that plots the distance of stars from Earth against their size, helping to understand the life cycle of stars.

Who was the scientist that discovered the relationship between absolute brightness and the period of luminosity changes in cepheid variables?

• Henrietta Swan Leavitt

• Annie Jump Cannon

• Cecilia Payne

• Jocelyn Bell Burnell

Who was the scientist that catalogued over 350,000 stars in an alphabetical order based on brightness, color, and visible absorption bands?

• Henrietta Swan Leavitt

• Annie Jump Cannon

• Cecilia Payne

• Jocelyn Bell Burnell