What is gene expression regulation and why is it important in biology?

• Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to mutate and become cancerous

• Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it only affects non-essential functions

• Gene expression regulation is not important in biology because it has no impact on the organism's overall health

• Gene expression regulation is important in biology because it allows cells to respond to their environment, differentiate into specific cell types, and maintain proper functioning of the organism.

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Explain the role of transcription factors in gene expression regulation.

• Transcription factors have no role in gene expression regulation.

• Transcription factors regulate the initiation of transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences.

• Transcription factors regulate the initiation of translation by binding to specific RNA sequences.

• Transcription factors are only involved in DNA replication and not gene expression regulation.

Describe the process of DNA replication and its significance in biology.

• DNA replication only occurs in non-living organisms.

• DNA replication is the process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule. It ensures genetic continuity and allows for the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

• DNA replication has no significance in biology and is just a random occurrence.

• DNA replication is the process of creating a completely different DNA molecule.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What are the key enzymes involved in DNA replication and what are their functions?

• Protein helicase, Protein polymerase, and Protein ligase

• ATPase, GTPase, and UTPase

• DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase

• RNA helicase, RNA polymerase, and RNA ligase

Explain the structure of DNA and its significance in genetic inheritance.

• The structure of DNA is a single strand, and it is significant in genetic inheritance as it carries oxygen to the cells.

• The structure of DNA is a square shape, and it is significant in genetic inheritance as it controls the weather.

• The structure of DNA is a double helix, and it is significant in genetic inheritance as it carries genetic information from one generation to the next.

• The structure of DNA is a triple helix, and it is significant in genetic inheritance as it determines eye color.

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How does the double helix structure of DNA contribute to its stability and function?

• The double helix structure has no impact on the stability and function of DNA

• The double helix structure makes DNA unstable and prone to mutations

• The double helix structure provides a strong backbone and allows for easy replication and transcription of the genetic code.

• The double helix structure hinders the process of replication and transcription

What is the role of RNA polymerase in the process of transcription?

• It repairs damaged DNA strands

• It regulates gene expression

• It synthesizes RNA from a DNA template.

• It converts RNA into DNA

Describe the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription processes.

• Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, while eukaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm.

• Prokaryotic transcription does not involve RNA polymerase, while eukaryotic transcription does.

• Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus.

• Prokaryotic transcription produces introns, while eukaryotic transcription produces exons.

Explain the process of translation and its role in protein synthesis.

• Translation is the process of converting DNA to RNA in the nucleus

• Translation is the process of creating mRNA from tRNA

• Translation is the process of breaking down proteins into amino acids

• Translation is the process of decoding the mRNA sequence to build a corresponding amino acid sequence, which forms a protein. It occurs in the ribosomes.

What is the purpose of electrophoresis in molecular biology and how is it used to analyze DNA fragments?

• It is used to identify specific genes within a DNA sample

• It is used to measure the concentration of DNA in a sample

• It is used to amplify DNA fragments for further analysis

• It is used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge, allowing for analysis of the fragments.