In an experiment, a segment of DNA and the mRNA transcribed from that DNA segment were extracted. It was observed that the number of nitrogenous bases in the mRNA was less than those contained in the DNA segment. Which statement best explains the reason for this?

mRNA contains only the nitrogenous bases needed to build one protein or part of a protein.

mRNA does not contain the nitrogenous base thymine.

mRNA has fewer cell functions as compared to DNA.

mRNA has to be shorter so it can pass through the nuclear membrane.

The codon chart shows the amino acids coded for by each RNA codon. Which amino acids are coded for by the mRNA strand: AUG UCA CGA GGU?

methionine, serine, arginine, glycine

methionine, leucine, alanine, lysine

tyrosine, serine, alanine, proline

tyrosine, proline, serine, glycine

A student created a table that lists several features of an RNA molecule. The student made an error while creating the table. Which statement describes the change that the student needs to make in the table?

The type of sugar should be ribose instead of deoxyribose.

The type of base should be thymine instead of uracil.

The structure should be a double helix instead of a single strand.

The function should be to help in the synthesis of DNA instead of protein.

How does DNA determine a trait such as eye color of an organism?

It codes for proteins that directly determine eye color.

It interacts with proteins that control eye color.

It codes for mRNA that directly determines eye color.

It produces pigments that make up eye color.

The diagram shows the process of protein synthesis in a cell. What are the processes P and Q?

P: transcription and Q: translation

P: translation and Q: transcription

P: translation and Q: replication

P: transcription and Q: replication

The diagram shows the structure of an organic molecule. A student identifies the molecule as DNA. Does the student identify the molecule correctly?

No. It contains the nitrogenous base uracil.

Yes. It is a single-stranded molecule.

No. It contains a five-carbon sugar.

Yes. It has a sugar-phosphate backbone.

Why would a mutation in a sex cell potentially have a larger impact than a mutation in a body cell?

The mutation would be included in all of the offspring's cells.

The egg from the mother would be mutated.

The sperm from the father would be mutated.

The mutation would cause sterility in the parent in question.

Identical twin armadillos were kept in the same controlled environment from birth and provided the same diet. Even though the animals were genetically identical and shared the same mother, they showed variations in their phenotypes that were beyond the normal range in expression. Based upon today's knowledge of genetics, which explanation describes the most likely cause of the phenotypic variations?

Environmental conditions inside the mother or in the cytoplasm of each embryo's cells were different, causing the genes to be expressed differently.

Ancestors of the armadillos passed down recessive traits that became activated, resulting in the expression of different phenotypes.

The embryos produced different sex hormones due to gender differences, causing the genes to be expressed differently.

The genes of the embryos contained different DNA even though they were genetically identical, resulting in the expression of different phenotypes.

A plant has pink flowers one summer, and the next summer the flowers on the same plant are blue. Which statement best explains the change in flower color?

The gene for flower color was affected by the chemical make-up of the soil.

The gene for flower color became mutated after a large amount of rainfall.

The flower color was changed after an insect ate the flowers at the end of the first summer.

The flower color was changed after a cold winter damaged the flowers from the first summer.

A newborn's DNA is analyzed for hearing loss. The codon sequence used as the check for normal hearing is TAT GAA GAC GAG GAC TGA TAA. However, the newborn's codon sequence comes back as TAT GAA GAA GAC TGA TAA. What can be concluded regarding the infant's codon sequence?

The codon sequence has a substitution mutation.

The codon sequence has a deletion mutation.

The codon sequence has a frameshift mutation.

The codon sequence has a translocation mutation.

The human pancreas contains beta cells that produce the hormone insulin, which regulates sugar levels in the blood. Why is the production of insulin limited to the pancreas?

The gene coding for insulin is only expressed in the beta cells of the pancreas.

The gene coding for insulin is only present in the beta cells of the pancreas.

The gene coding for insulin has a different nucleotide sequence in other cells of the body than it does in beta cells of the pancreas.

The gene coding for insulin replicates into mRNA in all cells but can only be translated into protein in beta cells of the pancreas.

The diagram shows two members of the Himalayan rabbit species. Both rabbits carry one allele for black fur and one for white fur. Based on the information in the diagram, which statement best describes the expression of the black and white alleles in these rabbits?

The temperatures of the environments in which the rabbits are raised determines the expression of the coat color allele.

Rabbits raised at temperatures greater than 30 degrees Celsius express both the black and white alleles.

Rabbits raised at temperatures less than 20 degrees Celsius express only the white allele.

The temperatures of the environments in which the rabbits are raised is not a factor in the expression of the coat color allele.

A certain species of the hydrangea plant is known for having different-colored flowers. The table lists the flower colors of hydrangeas planted in soils with varying pH levels. Flower color is controlled by one gene with two different alleles: one allele produces purple pigment, and the other allele produces no pigment. Based on the data table and the information given, how is flower color determined in this species of hydrangea?

The expression of each allele is influenced by the pH of the soil.

The expression of a particular flower allele will determine the pH of the soil.

The purple allele is dominant to the red allele and is always expressed.

The red allele is dominant to the purple allele and is always expressed.

The number of bristles on the body of a fruit fly is an inherited trait. In an experiment, a researcher has four groups of recently hatched flies, and all flies come from the same parents. Each group of flies is raised to adulthood at a different temperature. The researcher counts the number of bristles on every fly in each group, calculates the average, and records the data in a table. Based on the results of the experiment, which statement best describes the expression of the bristle trait in the flies?

The number of bristles the flies have as adults depends on a combination of inheritance and the temperature at which they are raised.

The number of bristles the flies have as adults depends on the time the flies are born.

The number of bristles the flies have as adults depends only on the bristle number of the parents.

The number of bristles the flies have as adults depends only on the temperature at which they are raised.

A chemical mutagen causes a point mutation in a DNA molecule that changes the nucleotide adenine into guanine, as shown. What effect will such mutation have on the function of the DNA?

The DNA will code for a nonfunctional protein.

The DNA will code for the same protein.

The DNA will code for an incomplete protein.

The DNA will code for the same protein but of a different shape.

When a strand of DNA was replicated, one base was left out. Why would this be more damaging than if the base was only changed?

The codons shift one letter for all bases after the mutation, changing all of them as well.

The process stops and must restart at the beginning after the new sequence of DNA has been read.

The missing base would leave a hole in the new DNA strand, causing the structure to be unstable.

The rest of the DNA cannot be read, as it would recognize that the number of bases changed.

A scientist conducted an experiment to investigate how a particular chemical affects neural stem cells. The cells are nurtured under two different conditions, A and B. The cells isolated from B contain the chemical under investigation. The flowchart outlines the experiment and the outcomes. Based on the experimental outcomes, what effect does the chemical have on the neural stem cells?

The chemical triggers the cells to differentiate.

The chemical induces mutations in the cells.

The chemical promotes regeneration of the cells.

The chemical causes the cells to undergo cell division.

A scientist receives a sample and needs to evaluate if the organism could be alive. Which question should the scientist ask to determine if the sample is alive?

Does it have cellular structures?

Does it move from place to place?

Which TWO characteristics of viruses support their classification as nonliving?

Requires a host's cell to reproduce

Does not change in size once assembled

Composed of biological molecules such as proteins and lipids

Which description of the tissue and cell types shown is correct?

All these cell types contain the same DNA, though not all of the DNA is expressed in each type of tissue.

All of these cell types contain different DNA because the tissues they form have different functions in the body requiring different proteins

The connective and muscle tissues contain slightly different types of DNA than the nervous and epithelial tissues because they aid in movement.

The nervous and muscle tissues contain slightly different types of DNA than the epithelial and connective tissues because they aid in movement.

Using the data, which statement is true?

Both cells can transport oxygen throughout the body

Only the neuron can divide as it contains DNA

The red blood cell has more room to produce energy

Both cells are unable to divide as they lack centrioles

A classmate notices that the model is labeled incorrectly. What changes should be made to the model so that it represents photosynthesis correctly?

Reverse the labels for oxygen and carbon dioxide

Reverse the labels for water and glucose

Reverse the labels for glucose and carbon dioxide

Reverse the labels for light-dependent and light-independent reactions

Which growing conditions and explanations match the data in the graph?

Plant Set 1 was grown with less sunlight and was not actively growing

Plant Set 2 was grown with more sunlight and produced more carbon dioxide

Plant Set 1 was grown with more sunlight and produced less oxygen

Plant Set 2 was grown with less sunlight and required more water

Which question can be used to identify which microorganisms are photosynthetic?

Does the microorganism transform light energy into stored chemical energy?

Does the microorganism rely on water for survival?

Does the microorganism absorb chemical energy from other life-forms?

Does the microorganism grow and change over time?

Which change would lead to higher carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere?

An increase in the burning of fossil fuels

A decrease in animal respiration

A decrease in the destruction of forests

Which statement describes the overall relationship between the concentration of carbon dioxide and atmospheric temperature?

The temperature of Earth increases with an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

The temperature of Earth increases with a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide

The temperature of Earth remains unchanged with an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide

The temperature of Earth remains unchanged with a decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide

The graph shows the change in the global temperature from 1960 to 2008 in response to the changing carbon dioxide concentration. Based on the graph, a student claims that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration affects the global temperature. Is the claim made by the student supported by the data?

Yes. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

Yes. Global temperature decreases as carbon dioxide concentration increases .

No. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration remains the same.

No. Global temperature remains the same as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

Unit 5B Review

Authored by MIKAYLA CURRY

Biology

10th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 39+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The image shows the translation process in a eukaryotic cell.
What step ends translation?

addition of an amino acid into the growing peptide chain

separation of mRNA from the ribosome when a stop codon is reached

detachment of tRNAs from the ribosome

connection of tRNA anticodons with codons on mRNA

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

What is the function of tRNA?

to supply appropriate amino acids for translation

to supply appropriate amino acids for transcription

to provide proteins needed for all cellular function

to provide a template for the sequence of proteins needed

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The amino acid methionine is coded for in humans by the mRNA nucleotide sequence: adenine-uracil-guanine, or AUG. Which statement is true regarding this amino acid?

Any sequence of the nucleotides A, U, and G would code for methionine in other organisms.

AUG would also code for methionine in every other organism on Earth.

AUG would only code for methionine in species closely related to humans (primates).

There is no way to predict what nucleotides will code for methionine in other organisms.

An antibiotic binds to tRNA molecules and prevents them from binding to an amino acid. What will happen as a result of this?

Protein synthesis will be stopped.

Proteins being synthesized will not be folded properly.

Protein synthesis will not be able to make the correct mRNA.

Proteins being synthesized will be longer than normal.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

The events that occur during protein synthesis are listed in random order:
1. mRNA is formed.
2. Amino acids form polypeptides.
3. A strand of DNA segment unwinds.
4. mRNA attaches to ribosomes.
5. tRNA supplies the required amino acids.
What is the correct sequence of events that occur during protein synthesis?

3, 1, 4, 2, 5

3, 1, 4, 5, 2

4, 1, 3, 5, 2

4, 3, 1, 2, 5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

to bind to protein molecules and form ribosomes

to carry out the termination of a polypeptide chain

to carry genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for translation

to recognize a specific codon and to deliver the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

A DNA segment, composed of 120 nucleotides, codes for a protein molecule. What term accurately identifies that segment?

centromere

chromosome

gene

nucleotide

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Unit 5B Review

The image shows the translation process in a eukaryotic cell.What step ends translation?

What is the function of tRNA?

The amino acid methionine is coded for in humans by the mRNA nucleotide sequence: adenine-uracil-guanine, or AUG. Which statement is true regarding this amino acid?

An antibiotic binds to tRNA molecules and prevents them from binding to an amino acid. What will happen as a result of this?

What is the role of mRNA during protein synthesis?

A DNA segment, composed of 120 nucleotides, codes for a protein molecule. What term accurately identifies that segment?

In an experiment, a segment of DNA and the mRNA transcribed from that DNA segment were extracted. It was observed that the number of nitrogenous bases in the mRNA was less than those contained in the DNA segment. Which statement best explains the reason for this?

The codon chart shows the amino acids coded for by each RNA codon. Which amino acids are coded for by the mRNA strand: AUG UCA CGA GGU?

A section of DNA codes for the sequence of nitrogenous bases of mRNA to initiate protein synthesis as shown. What is the process involved in the coding?

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The image shows the translation process in a eukaryotic cell.
What step ends translation?