X Climate and Natural Vegetation_1

What is your favorite climate?

P 117, 1 How does the vegetation in Surabaya adapt to the local climate?

In Surabaya, where a dry season spans from May to ​ (a)   , local vegetation showcases diverse adaptations for survival. Many plants feature ​ (b)   root systems to access water, while others have thick leaves, ​ (c)   coatings, or hairy surfaces to reduce water loss through transpiration. Some species exhibit succulence, storing water in their leaves or stems for prolonged ​ drought endurance. ​ (d)   trees shed leaves during the dry season to conserve energy, and certain plants thrive as ​ (e)   , leveraging other plants for water and nutrients. Collectively, these adaptations highlight the remarkable strategies employed by Surabaya's flora to thrive in challenging arid conditions.

• September
• deep
• waxy
• Deciduous
• epiphytes
• October
• shallow
• spiky
• Evergreen
• November

Draw 7 arrow heads to show the influence of each variables.

Answer explanation

The types of plants that can grow and the climate influence each other. Plantation and soil type also influence each other, climate can influence the speed of bedrock erosion into soil. The color of the soil also will impact the temperature as it reflects/absorbs the sunlight.

P117, 2. Use this Map only to describe the distribution of equatorial climate.

The equatorial climate is an almost​ continuous zone along the ​ (a)   extending between ​ (b)   degrees north and south of it. The only gaps in the continuous line are where ​ (c)   ranges intrude such as the Andes in ​ (d)   America and ​ (e)   central Africa.

• 5
• equator
• mountain
• South
• East
• 23.5
• tropic
• river
• West
• North

P117, 3 Why do temperatures in equatorial regions vary so little throughout the year?

because the sun is always high in the sky so the region receives high-intensity ________ all year round.

P117, 4. Using the diagram, explain why rainfall is so high in the equatorial region.

Rainfall in equatorial regions is mainly ​ (a)   and is formed as air ​ (b)   because of the heating of the ground surface during the ​ (c)   and there is ​ (d)   insolation all year round the ground is ​ (e)   to a similar extent every day resulting in high rainfall all year round.

• convectional
• rises
• day
• high
• heated
• sinks
• night
• low
• cooled
• conventional

P117 5a.

Annual temperature range is the difference in average temperature between the coolest and the warmest ___________.

• months
• weeks

• days
• hours
• years

[B] P117 5b.

Diurnal temperature range is the difference between the _______ temperature at night and the ___________ temperature during the day

• highest, lowest

• average, average

• midnight, noon
• lowest, highest
• evening, morning

What is included in an ecosystem?

P119, 1. How can plants grow well in the equatorial region?
Growing conditions for plants are ideal in the equatorial lowlands with high ​ (a)   giving the warmth necessary and high levels of ​ (b)   throughout the day from the sun being high in the sky. Heavy ​ (c)   and warm temperatures also create the ideal conditions for rapid break-down of​ (d)   litter which provides the ​ (e)   for plants to grow.

• temperatures
• light
• rainfall
• leaf
• nutrients
• air pressure
• wind
• thunderstorm
• soil
• shade