Q3L2 Vocabulary

heritable characteristics that increase an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in an environment

• Adaptation

• Evolution

• Fitness

• Fossil

number of times that an allele occurs in a gene pool compared with the number of alleles in that pool for the same gene

• Allele frequency

• Bottleneck effect

• Founder effect

• Genetic equilibrium

body parts that share a common function, but not an evolutionary history

• Analagous structure

• Homologous structure

• Speciation

• Vestigial structure

selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

• Artificial selection

• Evolution

• Natural selection

• Sexual selection

form of reproductive isolation in which two populations develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors that prevent them from breeding

• Behavioral isolation

• Geographic isolation

• Reproductive isolation

• Temporal isolation

a change in allele frequency following a dramatic reduction in the size of a population

• Allele frequency

• Bottleneck effect

• Founder effect

• Genetic equilibrium

form of natural selection in which individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve

• Directional selection

• Disruptive selection

• Sexual selection

• Stabilizing selection

natural selection in which individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle of the curve

• Directional selection

• Disruptive selection

• Sexual selection

• Stabilizing selection

change over time; the process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

• Adaptation

• Evolution

• Fitness

• Fossil

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

• Adaptation

• Evolution

• Fitness

• Fossil