What are the three key relationships of expectancy theory?

• expectancy, instrumentality and valence

• effort, performance and rewards

• fairness, outcomes and inputs

• outcomes, confidence and values.

• values, effort and expectancy

According to McClelland, a manager who is driven to accomplish things or goals is said to have a ________________.

• Need for power

• Need for affiliation

• Need for achievement

• Need for accomplishment

• Need for success

Maslow's need of hierarchy explains that ______________________.

• everyone prefers to enjoy social needs tover safety.

• everyone starts from physiological needs

• not everyone prefers to start from physiological needs

• everyone is able to achieve self-actualization at a certain age.

• frustration-regression principles apply in this theory.

According to expectancy theory, which of the following is the incorrect order of events?

• Effort, performance and outcome

• Outcome, effort and performance

• Put effort in studies, getting a grade A and reward

• Sell more, achieve target and get higher commission

• All are the incorrect order of events.

What are the two factors of motivation in Herzberg's theory of motivation?

• Hygiene and motivators factors.

• Physiological and safety factors.

• Achievement and affiliation factors.

• Satisfaction and no satisfaction factors.

• All are important factors

Which of the reinforcement tools below creates positive outcomes that are favourable to the receiver?

• Punishment

• Expectancy

• Positive

• Negative

• None of the above

Extinction in reinforcement theory is referred to as ___________________.

• absence of reinforcements

• applying unfavorable outcome

• avoidance of negative outcomes

• providing positive outcomes

• regenerating the motivation level

Equity theory argues when two people put in the ___________ ratio of input and the outcome is ___________ is seen as inequity.

• Same/different.

• Same/high

• Different/different

• Different/high

• Balance/same

Financial motivation strategies include _______________ and ______________.

• pay for performance; bonus pay

• pay for knowledge; status

• career advancement; profit sharing

• stock options and praise

• All are financial motivation strategies

Which of these below is NOT a motivator?

• Salary.

• Achievement.

• Growth.

• Advancement.

• Challenging task.