final exam review #2

Which of the following is not a function or characteristic of a functional group?

• The majority of them are the most unreactive part of the molecule.

• The majority of them are polar and can form hydrogen bonds.

• The majority of them increase the solubility of organic compounds in water

• The majority of them cause molecules to bond together into larger macromolecules.

Which of the following is not a polymer?

• glycogens

• amylopectin

• RNA

• nucleotides

A cake is the result of interactions among many independent and smaller components (ingredients). The final product, the cake, is greater than the sum of its part. This is an example of which concept that is integral to the study of biology

• evolution via natural selection

• emergent properties

• inheritance of acquired characteristics

• response to stimuli

Which of the following statements is an important consequence of the first law of thermodynamics for a living organism?

• All organisms ultimately obtain all of the necessary energy for life from their environment.

• The entropy of the universe never decreases.

• The entropy of an organism decreases with time as the organism grows in complexity.

• The energy content of an organism is constant.

Which of the following is a major line of evidence supporting the theory of endosymbiosis

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have very similar functions.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own, linear chromosomes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts are found in all eukaryotic organisms

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce via binary fission, similar to prokaryotes.

Albinism is an autosomal recessive trait. A man and woman both show normal pigmentation, but both have one parent who has albinism (without melanin pigmentation). What is the probability that their first child will have albinism?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

Marfan syndrome in humans is caused by an abnormality of the connective tissue protein fibrillin. Patients are usually very tall and thin, with long spindly fingers, curvature of the spine, sometimes weakened arterial walls, and sometimes eye problems, such as lens dislocation. Which of the following would you conclude about Marfan syndrome from this information?

• It is epistatic.

• it is recessive.

• It is pleiotropic.

• it is dominant.

What is an operon?

• A region of DNA that codes for a specific protein
• a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.

• A type of protein found in the nucleus
• a sequence that promotes transcription in prokaryotes

the____ operon is turned off in abundance of ____

• lac, trp

• trp, trp

• lac, lac

• trp, lac

What is the role of allolactose in the lac operon?

• Allolactose degrades the lac repressor protein
• Allolactose enhances the binding of the lac repressor to the lac operator
• Allolactose acts as an inducer by binding to the lac repressor and releasing it from the lac operator.
• Allolactose inhibits the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region