LearnED VOcab Genetics

process of making new body cells (2 identical daughter cells produced from one parent cell)

• Fermentation
• Mitosis
• Photosynthesis
• Meiosis

process of making sex cells (4 genetically different daughter cells produced from one parent cell)

• Meiosis
• Asexual reproduction
• Fertilization
• Mitosis

bundles of genetic information; contain many genes

• Chromosomes
• Mitochondria
• Ribosomes
• Vacuoles

Cell that contains only one copy of a chromosome set (23 chromosomes in human genetics)

• Tetraploid cell
• Diploid cell
• Haploid cell
• Triploid cell

Cells with pairs of homologous chromosomes (46 total chromosomes in human somatic cells)

• Tetraploid cells
• Haploid cells
• Triploid cells
• Diploid cells

Sex cell (sperm or egg)-always haploid; when combined , a diploid organism is formed

• Photosynthesis
• Gamete

• Mitosis
• Meiosis

Occurs when gametes are formed and genes are exchanged between two chromosomes; leads to genetic diversity

• Mitosis
• Photosynthesis
• Crossing Over

• Meiosis

Segment of repeating nucleotides in DNA; contributes to the expression of a trait

• gene
• enzyme
• chromosome
• protein

Alternative form of a gene on a chromosome

• Protein
• Mutation
• Allele
• Chromosome

Trait that appears over a recessive form when both alleles are present

• Dominant trait
• Incomplete trait
• Co-dominant trait
• Recessive trait