Which of the following accurately describes a SQL injection attack?

• An attacker exhaustively tries every possible combination of input to a system in order to bypass its security measures
• An attacker exploits vulnerabilities in a web application's authentication mechanism to gain unauthorized access
• An attacker injects malicious SQL code into a web application's database query to manipulate its behavior
• An attacker intercepts and modifies data between a client and a server
• An attacker analyzes network traffic to capture and replay authentication credentials

What is the main purpose of a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack?

• To perform unauthorized actions on a web server by manipulating its user interface
• To inject malicious code into a web application and execute it on other users' browsers
• To intercept and decrypt sensitive information transmitted over a network
• To bypass authentication mechanisms and gain unauthorized access to a web application
• To gain unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols

Which of the following is a characteristic of a zero-day exploit?

• It is a type of social engineering attack that tricks users into revealing their login credentials
• It targets a vulnerability that is already known and for which a patch has been released
• It uses cryptographic techniques to guess or reverse engineer passwords
• It takes advantage of a software vulnerability that has not yet been discovered or patched
• It exploits vulnerabilities in a network's protocols to gain unauthorized access

Which of the following techniques can be used to mitigate the risk of a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack?

• Secure coding practices and input validation
• Traffic filtering and rate limiting at the network level
• Intrusion detection and prevention systems
• Encryption and public key infrastructure
• Network segmentation and access control lists

Which of the following correctly defines privilege escalation?

• An attacker manipulates a web application's user interface to perform unauthorized actions on a web server
• An attacker gains unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• An attacker injects malicious SQL code into a web application's database query to manipulate its behavior
• An attacker intercepts and modifies data between a client and a server
• An attacker gains additional privileges or access rights in a system beyond what they were originally granted

What is the main objective of a DNS spoofing attack?

• To gain unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• To redirect the traffic of a legitimate website to a malicious one
• To intercept and modify data between a client and a server
• To inject malicious code into a web application and execute it on other users' browsers
• To perform unauthorized actions on a web server by manipulating its user interface

What is the main purpose of input validation in an application's security?

• To gain unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• To perform unauthorized actions on a web server by manipulating its user interface
• To intercept and modify data between a client and a server
• To prevent malicious input from being processed and executed
• To encrypt and decrypt sensitive information transmitted over a network

Which of the following accurately describes a phishing attack?

• An attacker manipulates a web application's user interface to perform unauthorized actions on a web server
• An attacker intercepts and modifies data between a client and a server
• An attacker gains unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• An attacker captures network traffic to eavesdrop on sensitive information transmitted between two parties
• An attacker sends fraudulent emails or messages to deceive users and obtain their sensitive information

Which of the following accurately describes a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack?

• An attacker injects malicious code into a web application and executes it on other users' browsers
• An attacker intercepts and modifies data between a client and a server
• An attacker captures network traffic to eavesdrop on sensitive information transmitted between two parties
• An attacker gains unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• An attacker manipulates a web application's user interface to perform unauthorized actions on a web server

What is the main goal of a buffer overflow attack?

• To intercept and modify data between a client and a server
• To overwrite a computer program's memory and execute arbitrary code
• To perform unauthorized actions on a web server by manipulating its user interface
• To gain unauthorized access to a system by exploiting vulnerabilities in its network protocols
• To inject malicious code into a web application and execute it on other users' browsers