Unit 2 Test Psychology

Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs yielded information about which of the following?

• operant conditioning
• counterconditioning
• classical conditioning
• latent learning

Which of the following best describes a neutral stimulus?

• stimulus that causes an automatic response
• stimulus that does not cause a response
• stimulus that has been learned
• stimulus that is conditioned

In what way does classical conditioning help animals and people?

• It helps them adapt to their environment.
• It helps them learn complex or difficult tasks.
• It helps them learn by watching others.
• It helps them modify their behavior.

What is the term for the process that helps people and animals adapt to their environment by responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other?

• extinction
• flooding
• discrimination
• generalization

Which method of overcoming fear features makes use of relaxation techniques?

• extinction
• systematic desensitization
• counterconditioning
• flooding

Primary and secondary reinforcers are important in which of the following?

• operant conditioning
• classical conditioning
• taste aversion
• discrimination

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

• A person who is hungry will work for food.
• Someone who becomes too warm in the sun moves into the shade.
• Children receive points for earning good grades that can be exchanged for snacks.
• Star athletes who do not achieve the required grades are removed from the team.

Which of the following is a term for learning that remains hidden until needed?

• modeling
• latent learning
• cognitive learning
• observational learning

What is meant by a token economy?

• economic system in which tokens are used in place of money
• barter system used in public housing complexes
• form of behavior modification set up by an individual to reward or punish himself or herself for a particular behavior
• form of behavior modification that uses rewards to reinforce desired behavior

Why is the PQ4R method an effective study method?

• because it takes an active approach to learning
• because it is an example of classical conditioning
• because it works through flooding
• because it uses latent learning techniques