IB African American Civil Rights Brown vs Board

What was the racial caste system that existed mostly in the American South, but also to some degree in northern states?

• B) Brown v. Board of Education

• A) Jim Crow

• C) Plessy v. Ferguson

• D) Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer explanation

The racial caste system that existed mostly in the American South, but also to some degree in northern states was Jim Crow. It enforced racial segregation and discrimination.

Who was the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review and the future spearhead of the NAACP's legal fight to destroy Jim Crow?

• A) Charles Hamilton Houston

• B) Thurgood Marshall

• D) Medgar Evers

• C) WEB DuBois

Answer explanation

Charles Hamilton Houston was the first African-American editor of the Harvard Law Review and spearheaded the NAACP's legal fight against Jim Crow.

What was the name of the report published in 1944 that made plain the reality of segregation and the vast chasm between American ideals and the reality of Jim Crow?

• A) An American Dilemma

• D) The Southern Resistance

• B) The Southern Manifesto

• C) The Civil Rights Act

Answer explanation

The report published in 1944 that highlighted the reality of segregation and the gap between American ideals and Jim Crow was 'An American Dilemma'. It exposed the harsh truth of racial inequality in the United States.

Who gave a speech dedicated to civil rights in February 1948, stating that the Federal Government has a clear duty to see that Constitutional guarantees of individual liberties and of equal protection under the laws are not denied?

• A) Dwight Eisenhower

• B) Harry Truman

• C) John F. Kennedy

• D) Lyndon B. Johnson

Answer explanation

In February 1948, Harry Truman gave a speech emphasizing the Federal Government's responsibility to protect individual liberties and equal rights under the Constitution.

What was the Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?

• A) Brown v. Board of Education

• B) Plessy v. Ferguson

• C) Dred Scott v. Sanford

• D) Roe v. Wade

Answer explanation

The Supreme Court decision in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment was Brown v. Board of Education.

What term describes the phenomenon of whites moving to suburban school districts to attend white-only schools?

• B) Segregation Flight

• D) Racial Escapade

• A) White Exodus

• C) White Flight

Answer explanation

White Flight refers to the phenomenon of whites moving to suburban school districts to attend white-only schools. It highlights the correct choice, which is C) White Flight.

What was the resolution signed by 77 members of the House of Representatives and 19 senators condemning the Brown decision and openly encouraging states to defy the ruling?

• D) Emancipation Proclamation

• A) Civil Rights Act of 1964

• B) Southern Manifesto

• C) Voting Rights Act of 1965

Answer explanation

The resolution signed by 77 members of the House of Representatives and 19 senators condemning the Brown decision and openly encouraging states to defy the ruling was the Southern Manifesto. It highlights the correct choice, which is option B.

Who was the former governor of Arkansas who used Arkansas National Guard soldiers to block African American students from entering Central High School in Little Rock?

• D) Strom Thurmond

• B) George Wallace

• A) Orval Faubus

• C) Lester Maddox

Answer explanation

Orval Faubus, the former governor of Arkansas, used Arkansas National Guard soldiers to block African American students from entering Central High School in Little Rock.

What was the term created by Democrat Senator Harry F Byrd, Sr, to describe the direct disobedience to the Brown decision in the South?

• D) Racial Uprising

• C) Segregation Rebellion

• B) Civil Rights Movement

• A) Massive Resistance

Answer explanation

Massive Resistance was the term created by Democrat Senator Harry F Byrd, Sr, to describe the direct disobedience to the Brown decision in the South.

What was the legal principle established in 1971 that allowed the use of quotas as a legitimate starting point for desegregation?

• A) Equal Protection Clause

• B) De Jure Segregation

• C) Forced Busing

• D) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg

Answer explanation

The legal principle established in 1971 that allowed the use of quotas as a legitimate starting point for desegregation was Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg.