Logical Fallacies Practice

What does the term "ad hominem" refer to in logical fallacies?

• An argument that appeals to the popularity of the claim as a reason to accept it.

• An argument that attacks the person, or the character of the person, rather than his or her arguments or opinions.

• A conclusion that is based on insufficient evidence.

• An argument that assumes that the premise of the claim is true.

Which logical fallacy involves assuming that the premise of the claim is true without providing evidence, thus engaging in circular reasoning?

• Straw Man

• Begging the Question

• Slippery Slope

• False Analogy

What does "non sequitur" mean in the context of logical fallacies?

• An argument that restates the argument or claim rather than proving it.

• An argument that is based on a misleading comparison.

• A conclusion does not follow from its premises.

• A diversion tactic that leads people away from the key or real issues.

The logical fallacy "post hoc ergo propter hoc" is based on what assumption?

• That an event will inevitably happen without providing any examples.

• That one thing caused another when two events happen sequentially.

• That an argument is appealing because it is popular.

• That someone is oversimplifying or misrepresenting another person's argument.

What is a "red herring" in the context of logical fallacies?

• An argument that attacks the person instead of the argument.

• A diversion tactic that leads people away from the key or real issues.

• An argument that assumes the popularity of a claim is a reason to accept it.

• A conclusion based on insufficient evidence.

What characterizes a "slippery slope" fallacy?

• It attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.

• It is based on the assumption that one event will lead to another without evidence.

• It involves restating the argument instead of providing evidence.

• It oversimplifies or misrepresents someone's argument to make it easier to attack.

The "straw man" fallacy occurs when a person does what?

• Assumes that the premise of the claim is true without evidence.

• Attacks the character of the person making the argument.

• Oversimplifies or misrepresents another person's argument.

• Claims that one event caused another simply because they occurred sequentially.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a logical fallacy where a conclusion is based on the alignment of beliefs rather than evidence?

• Our teacher is a good teacher because he is our teacher.

• The legalization of marijuana will lead to the legalization of all street drugs and many people will overdose and die.

• Believing in Santa is universal because everyone believes in Santa.

• A lawyer attacking a defendant's character rather than questioning the defendant based on the case.

Identify the scenario that demonstrates a logical fallacy involving an attack on a person's character instead of addressing the argument or evidence.

• I shouldn't have to pay my speeding ticket. There are so many worse crimes than speeding. Police officers should chase dangerous murderers instead.

• Babies are like the elderly because they are both bald.

• A lawyer attacking a defendant's character rather than questioning the defendant based on the case.

• If we don't conserve fuel now, there won't be any left in 20 years.

Which scenario illustrates a logical fallacy that assumes a cause-and-effect relationship without sufficient evidence to support it?

• Even though winter hasn't even started yet, I can just tell it is going to be a great winter.

• The legal driving age should be lowered to 14 because that is what the majority of US teenagers believe.

• Three minutes into the movie, some patrons left because they thought the movie was too boring.

• William Larson grew up in poverty. Therefore, he will make a fine President of the United States.