Grade 8 Biology Midterm Test: The Immune Response

What is the primary function of the immune system?

• Produce insulin for regulating blood sugar levels

• Control body temperature

• Protect the body from harmful pathogens and foreign invaders

• Help with digestion of food

Explain the difference between innate and adaptive immunity.

• Innate immunity is only activated during an infection, while adaptive immunity is always active.

• Innate immunity is non-specific and present at birth, while adaptive immunity is specific and develops over time.

• Innate immunity is only present in plants, while adaptive immunity is only present in animals.

• Innate immunity is specific and develops over time, while adaptive immunity is non-specific and present at birth.

Describe the process of phagocytosis in the immune response.

• Platelets release chemicals to destroy harmful bacteria.

• Red blood cells produce antibodies to fight off infections.

• White blood cells engulf and digest foreign particles or pathogens.

• The immune system relies on the nervous system to recognize and attack foreign invaders.

What are antibodies and how do they function in the immune system?

• Antibodies are small molecules that repel antigens and prevent them from entering the body.

• Antibodies are carbohydrates that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells.

• Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells.

• Antibodies are enzymes that break down antigens and eliminate them from the body.

Explain the role of T cells and B cells in the immune response.

• T cells produce antibodies to target and neutralize pathogens

• T cells help to directly attack infected cells and regulate the immune response, while B cells produce antibodies to target and neutralize pathogens.

• T cells and B cells have no role in the immune response

• B cells help to directly attack infected cells and regulate the immune response

Discuss the concept of immunization and its importance in preventing diseases.

• Immunization helps to protect individuals and communities from serious illnesses and complications.

• Immunization is only important for certain age groups

• Immunization only works for a few specific illnesses

• Immunization has no impact on preventing diseases

Explain the process of inflammation and its role in the immune response.

• Inflammation helps to remove harmful stimuli, initiate the healing process, and defend the body against pathogens.

• Inflammation only occurs in the brain and does not affect the rest of the body

• Inflammation has no role in the immune response

• Inflammation causes the body to become more susceptible to pathogens

What are the major components of the lymphatic system and their functions in the immune response?

• Heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys. Their functions include producing red blood cells and filtering waste products.

• Stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gallbladder. Their functions include digesting food and absorbing nutrients.

• Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, and tonsils. Their functions include filtering lymph, producing and activating immune cells, and storing white blood cells.

• Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory organs. Their functions include processing information and controlling body movements.