IT-121

It is a collection of related data and data is a collection of facts and figures that can be

processed to produce information.

• Spreadsheet
• Graph
• Algorithm
• Database

stores data in such a way that it becomes easier to retrieve,

manipulate, and produce information.

• Database Management System

• File cabinet
• Notebook
• Spreadsheet

A modern DBMS is more realistic and uses real-world entities to design

its architecture.

• Real-world entities
• Virtual objects
• Fictional characters
• Imaginary entities

DBMS allows entities and relations among them to form tables. A

user can understand the architecture of a database just by looking at the table names.

• Real-world entities

• Relation-based tables

• Less redundancy

• Consistensy

A database system is entirely different than its data. A

database is an active entity, whereas data is said to be passive, on which the database works

and organizes.

• Multiple views

• Isolation of data and application

• Real-world entities

• Consistency

which is data about data, to ease its own process.

• datameta
• metainfo
• metadata
• megadata

DBMS follows the rules of normalization, which splits a relation when

any of its attributes is having redundancy in values.

• Consistency

• Security

• Relation-Based tables

• Less redundancy

is a state where every relation in a database remains consistent.

There exist methods and techniques, which can detect attempt of leaving database in

inconsistent state.

• Inconsistency

• data accuracy
• Consistency

• table synchronization

DBMS is equipped with query language, which makes it more efficient to

retrieve and manipulate data.

• ACID properties

• Query language

• Security

• Consistency

These concepts are applied on transactions, which

manipulate data in a database.

• ACID properties

• Security

• Multiple views

• Consistency