• Users may have a reduced risk of the application being used in unintended ways.

• Users may have a reduced risk of their biometric data being misused.

• Users with limited Internet access may be able to more easily obtain books and articles.

• Users with visual impairments may be able to more easily read or listen to books and articles.

The developers of a music-streaming application are updating the algorithm they use to recommend music to listeners. Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to introduce bias into the application?

• Making recommendations based on listening data gathered from a random sample of users of the application

• Making recommendations based on the most frequently played songs on a local radio station

• Making recommendations based on the music tastes of the developers of the application

• Making recommendations based on a survey that is sent out to the 1,000 most active users of the application

Which of the following actions is most likely to help reduce the digital divide?

• Adding a requirement that all users of a popular social media site link their accounts with a phone number.

• Deploying satellites and other infrastructure to provide inexpensive Internet access to remote areas of Earth.

• Digitizing millions of books from university libraries, making their full text available online.

• Offering improved Internet connections to Internet users who are willing to pay a premium fee for more bandwidth.

A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet. Which of the following activities is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?

• Holding basic computer classes at community centers

• Providing free wireless Internet connections at locations in low-income neighborhoods

• Putting all government forms on the city Web site

• Requiring that every city school has computers that meet a minimum hardware and software standard

Which of the following activities is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project?

• Collecting pictures of plants from around the world that can be analyzed to look for regional differences in plant growth.

• Designing and building a robot to help with tasks in a medical laboratory.

• Sorting scientific records and removing duplicate entries in a database with a large number of entries.

• Using a simulation to predict the impact of a construction project on local animal populations.

Which of the following actions is most likely to raise legal or ethical concerns?

• An analyst writes a program that scans through a database of open-access scientific journals and creates a document with links to articles written on a particular topic.

• A computer scientist adds several features to an open-source software program that was designed by another individual.

• A musician creates a song using samples of a copyrighted work and then uses a Creative Commons license to publish the song.

• A public interest group alerts people to a scam that involves charging them for a program that is available for free under a Creative Commons license.

Many Web browsers allow users to open anonymous windows. During a browsing session in an anonymous window, the browser does not record a browsing history or a list of downloaded files. When the anonymous window is exited, cookies created during the session are deleted. Which of the following statements about browsing sessions in an anonymous window is true?

• The activities of a user browsing in an anonymous window will not be visible to people who monitor the user's network, such as the system administrator.

• Items placed in a Web store's shopping cart for future purchase during the anonymous browsing session will not be saved on the user's computer.

• A user will not be able to log in to e-mail or social media accounts during the anonymous browsing session.

• A user browsing in an anonymous window will be protected from viruses launched from any Web sites visited or file downloaded.

• Users of the application are required to rate songs in order to enable all of the application's features.

• Users of the application may have the ability to determine information about the locations of users that are not on their contact list.

• Users of the application may not be able to use the application if they are located in an area with a poor Internet connection.

• Users of the application may not have similar music taste to any other users on their contact list.

• Users of the basic version of StreamPal are more likely to give songs higher ratings than are users of the premium version of StreamPal.

• Users of the basic version of StreamPal indirectly support StreamPal by allowing themselves to receive advertisements.

• Users of the basic version of StreamPal spend more on monthly fees than do users of the premium version of StreamPal.

• Users of the basic version of StreamPal use less data storage space on their devices than do users of the premium version of StreamPal.

A Web site uses several strategies to prevent unauthorized individuals from accessing user accounts. Which of the following is NOT an example of multifactor authentication?

• Each employee for a company is issued a USB device that contains a unique token code. To log into a company computer, an employee must insert the USB device into the computer and provide a correct password.

• After logging into an account from a new device, a user must enter a code that is sent via e-mail to the e-mail address on file with the account.

• In order to log into an account, a user must provide both a password and a fingerprint that is captured using the user's device.

• When a user enters an incorrect password more than two times in a row, the user is locked out of the account for 2 hours.