IB Civil Rights Movement and Brown v. Board of Education

What was the significance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

• It overturned all laws supported by Plessy v. Ferguson

• It ruled that segregation by race in public schools was inherently equal

• It established the legal support for segregation in public education

• It changed the legal landscape for racial segregation in public education

Answer explanation

The Brown v. Board of Education decision changed the legal landscape for racial segregation in public education.

Who was known as 'the man who killed Jim Crow'?

• Walter White

• Nathan Ross Margold

• Charles Hamilton Houston

• Thurgood Marshall

Answer explanation

Charles Hamilton Houston, known as 'the man who killed Jim Crow', was a prominent civil rights attorney who played a crucial role in dismantling racial segregation in the United States.

What was the legal strategy of the NAACP to challenge segregation in public schools?

• To ask the courts to order the mixing of races

• To challenge whether the 'equal' part of 'separate but equal' really meant 'equal'

• To allocate more funds for white students than African American students

• To focus on desegregation of transportation and labor

Answer explanation

The NAACP's legal strategy was to challenge whether the 'equal' part of 'separate but equal' really meant 'equal'.

Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

• Thurgood Marshall

• Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Earl Warren

• Fred Vinson

Answer explanation

Earl Warren was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during the Brown v. Board of Education decision. He played a crucial role in the unanimous decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

What was the ruling in Brown v. Board of Education?

• Segregation by race in public schools was inherently equal

• The Supreme Court avoided the issue of remedy

• Plessy v. Ferguson was upheld

• Segregation by race in public schools was inherently unequal

Answer explanation

The ruling in Brown v. Board of Education stated that segregation by race in public schools was inherently unequal.

What was the response of most southern states to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling?

• They started to desegregate schools immediately

• They passed laws requiring or allowing segregated schools

• They fully supported desegregation

• They remained neutral on the issue

Answer explanation

Most southern states responded to the Brown v. Board of Education ruling by passing laws requiring or allowing segregated schools.

What was the Southern Manifesto?

• A pledge to allow desegregated public schools

• A pledge to support the Brown v. Board of Education ruling

• A pledge to resist desegregated public schools

• A pledge to integrate public schools

Answer explanation

The Southern Manifesto was a pledge to resist desegregated public schools, not to support or allow them.

What was the Eisenhower administration's stance on the commencement or completion date for desegregation?

• They requested a date within 5 years

• They requested a date far in the future

• They requested no exact commencement or completion date

• They requested an immediate commencement and completion date

Answer explanation

The Eisenhower administration requested no exact commencement or completion date for desegregation.

What was the phrase used by the Supreme Court to indicate the speed of desegregation?

• Immediately

• With all deliberate speed

• As soon as possible

• Gradually

Answer explanation

The Supreme Court used the phrase 'With all deliberate speed' to indicate the speed of desegregation. This phrase highlights the correct choice.

What was the Virginia programme of Massive Resistance?

• A programme to remain neutral on desegregation

• A programme to resist desegregation

• A programme to delay desegregation

• A programme to support desegregation

Answer explanation

The Virginia programme of Massive Resistance was a program to resist desegregation.