8th Gr Unit 2-final exam

1. What are two ways that humans can choose the inherited traits of organisms? Choose two options.

• Humans can use selective breeding to produce organisms with some traits that are naturally found in those species.

• Humans can let organisms breed naturally to produce organisms with some traits that are found in those species.

• For other traits that do not appear naturally in a species, humans must use genetic engineering to produce a genetically modified organism.

• For other traits that do not appear naturally in a species, humans must hope that a trait appears as a mutation and then breed the organisms.

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An all-white snake is born to two parent snakes that have normal coloring. Would a trait for albinism (all white) in snakes be more or less likely to become common in the population?

• An albino snake would be less likely to survive and reproduce because it would stand out in its environment and likely get eaten.

• 1. An albino snake would be less likely to find food and grow strong.

• 1. An albino snake might intimidate other snakes so it will not be able to reproduce and survive.

• 1. The natural predators of the snake would not know that the albino snake is a snake and would not take the chance of eating it.

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How does camouflage relate to natural selection?

• Organisms that blend into their environment are most likely to find food.

• Organisms that best blend into their environment are most likely to survive and have offspring, and pass on their genes to the next generation.

• 1. Camouflage has no relationship to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.

• 1. Camouflage is how organisms pass their genes to the next generation.

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What are some different types of evidence scientists use to figure out how organisms are related? Select all that apply.  

• They use clues from fossils

• Sounds and other vocalizations that animals make

• embryo similarities

• DNA and blood proteins

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Why do scientists study how embryos develop? 

• 1. Common structures in embryos indicate a common ancestor.

• 1. Common structures in embryos can indicate dangerous mutations 

• 1. Scientists develop cloning techniques by studying how embryos develop.

• 1. Embryos with common structures have directly related ancestors.

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What evidence do scientists gather by studying homologous structures - structures that are similar but have different purposes?

• 1. Scientists learn that there are no common ancestors.

• 1. Homologous structures are evidence of a relatively recent common ancestor.

• 1. Scientists find evidence of which structures are most successful for organisms.

• 1. Scientists find evidence that most animals have similar body structures.

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About 15 years ago, the Asian shore crab invaded the east coast of the United States. This predator fed on a native shelled organism, the blue mussel. Scientists noticed that the blue mussels that are there now, several generations later, have a thicker shell than before the invasion. Explain how this change in the population may have occurred.  Choose the best answer.

• 1. Each blue mussel grew a thicker shell after the invasion so that they wouldn’t be eaten by the Asian shore crab.

• 1. Some blue mussels had thicker shells and some had thinner shells. Those with thinner shells were more likely to be eaten by the Asian shore crab since they could get through the thin shell to eat the mussel. Over time, the population has more thicker shelled mussels since they survived and passed their genes for a thicker shell on to their offspring.

• 1. Each blue mussel grew a thinner shell after the invasion so that they wouldn’t be eaten by the Asian shore crab.

• 1. Some blue mussels had thicker shells and some had thinner shells. Those with thicker shells were more likely to be eaten by the Asian shore crab since they could get through the thick shell to eat the mussel. Over time, the population has more thicker shelled mussels since they survived and passed their genes for a thicker shell on to their offspring.

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Choose examples of the main types of influences that you have investigated during the unit. Choose all that apply. 

• 1. Finches inherit their beak length. 

• 1. Moths inherit their coloration.

• Mosquitoes inherit whether they are resistant to antibiotics.

• Bacteria inherit whether they are resistant to DDT.

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Choose examples of the main types of influences that you have investigated during the unit. Choose all that apply. 

• 1. When there is a flood, the large beaked finches survive. 

• 1. When there is a drought, the large beaked finches survive. 

• 1. When there is more pollution, the bark of trees turns darker and light moths don’t blend in and are eaten. 

• 1. When there is less pollution, the bark of trees turns darker and light moths don’t blend in and are eaten.

• Finches inherit their beak length. Moths inherit their coloration.

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Does what you have learned about moths and finches give you some ideas about how population changes can occur? Choose all that apply.

• 1. There needs to be variation in a population and that variation needs to be related to survival. 

• 1. Those individuals with the variation that gives them a disadvantage will help them survive. 

• 1. Those individuals with the variation that gives them an advantage will help them survive. 

• 1. If there are more individuals of a certain variation that survive, the population can change.

• 1. Variation in a population does not matter. 

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