chapter 6 ecology

what is a gene pool

• A type of swimming pool for genes
• The place where genes are stored in the body
• A group of people with similar genetic traits
• the collection of alleles from all individuals in a population

these are different forms of a particular gene, the only way to get new ones is by mutation (ex. dominant, recessive, codominant)

• genotype
• alleles
• mutations
• chromosomes

this is a random process in evolution that produces random combinations of chromosomes received from its parents (ex.chromosomes in an egg will come from both mother and father)

• chromosomal recombination
• genetic assortment

• genetic mutation
• chromosomal mutation

(random process) this is the reshuffling of genes that can occur as DNA is copied during meiosis and chromosomes exchange genetic material ( increases genetic variation and creates new phenotypes)

• genetic recombination
• DNA replication
• genetic mutation
• chromosomal mutation

a random change in the sequence of nucleotides in regions of DNA that either comprise a gene or control the expression of said gene ( many are "silent", ex, albinism)

evolution can occur through either two processes known as ...

• selection and random process

• artificial selection and genetic drift
• adaptation and genetic drift
• mutation and genetic drift

what is genetic drift

• The deliberate alteration of the genetic material of an organism
• a process that disproportionally effects small populations

• The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another
• process that occurs when genetic variation is lost because of random variation in mating, mortality, inheritance

a lack of genetic diversity due to a sudden loss of population size is known as the _ effect

what events could cause a bottle neck effect

• Winning the lottery
• Finding a hidden treasure
• Natural disasters, disease outbreaks, or limited resources
• Discovering a new species

when a small number of individuals LEAVE a large population to colonize a new area and bring with them only a SMALL amount of genetic variation

• Genetic drift
• Natural selection
• Mutation
• Founder effect