Judiciary in Class 11

What is the role of the judiciary in a democratic country?

• Interpreting and upholding the laws, ensuring justice, and protecting the rights of the citizens

• Conducting foreign policy and national defense

• Collecting taxes and managing the economy

• Making and enforcing laws

Explain the concept of judicial review.

• The power of the courts to review and potentially invalidate laws or governmental actions that are found to be unconstitutional.

• The ability of the executive branch to appoint judges

• The authority of the legislature to interpret the Constitution

• The power of the president to veto laws

What is the difference between civil and criminal law?

• Civil law deals with disputes between individuals and organizations, while criminal law deals with disputes against the state or society.

• Civil law deals with disputes between individuals and organizations, while criminal law deals with offenses against the state or society.

• Civil law deals with disputes between individuals and organizations, while criminal law deals with disputes between individuals and organizations.

• Civil law deals with disputes against the state or society, while criminal law deals with disputes between individuals and organizations.

Discuss the structure of the Indian judiciary.

• The Indian judiciary is not structured into different levels, it is a single unified system.

• The Indian judiciary is structured into four main levels: the Supreme Court, District Courts, Magistrate Courts, and Village Courts.

• The Indian judiciary is structured into three main levels: the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.

• The Indian judiciary consists of only two levels: the Supreme Court and High Courts.

What are the powers and functions of the Supreme Court?

• Creating new laws

• Enforcing executive orders

• Issuing pardons to convicted criminals

• Interpreting the Constitution, reviewing laws and government actions, and resolving disputes between states

Explain the concept of judicial activism.

• Judicial activism is when judges always follow the letter of the law without any interpretation.

• Judicial activism is when judges only rule based on what the law actually says, not what it should mean.

• Judicial activism is when judges have no influence on shaping the law.

• Judicial activism is when judges are willing to rule on what the law should mean, rather than what the law actually says.

What is the significance of the independence of the judiciary?

• Ensures that the judiciary can make decisions without interference from the executive or legislative branches of government.

• Allows the judiciary to take orders from the executive branch

• Ensures that the judiciary is controlled by the military

• Gives the legislative branch the power to overrule judicial decisions

Discuss the process of appointment of judges in India.

• The President of India appoints judges based on the recommendations of the Chief Justice of India and the collegium system.

• The judges are selected through a public voting process

• The judges are elected by the members of the Parliament

• The judges are appointed by the Prime Minister of India

Explain the concept of Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

• PIL is a legal action initiated in a court of law for the protection of public interest.

• PIL is a legal action initiated to promote corruption in the government.

• PIL is a legal action initiated to protect the rights of a specific individual.

• PIL is a legal action initiated for personal gain.

What are the challenges faced by the Indian judiciary?

• Excessive number of judges, lack of transparency, and high conviction rates

• Lack of legal expertise, low public trust, and high salaries for judges

• Lack of technology, high number of acquittals, and excessive interference from the government

• Backlog of cases, shortage of judges, delays in the legal process, and lack of infrastructure