Thermal Energy Transfers 3-4 & 1-4 Review

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms of a substance is its _________________.

• temperature

• heat

• thermal energy

• kinetic energy

Answer explanation

The measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms of a substance is its temperature. Temperature represents the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

When a substance is heated, the atoms gain energy and move apart, increasing the volume. The mass of the substance being heated ____________.

• increases

• decreases

• stays the same

• varies unpredictably

Answer explanation

When a substance is heated, the atoms gain energy and move apart, increasing the volume. However, the mass of the substance stays the same.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

What happens to the pressure of a gas when temperature of atoms increases?

• The atoms move slower because they have less space.

• The atoms move faster because they collide more often.

• The atoms stop moving altogether.

• The atoms change size.

Answer explanation

When the temperature of atoms increases, they move faster and collide more often, resulting in an increase in gas pressure.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

If the pressure on a gas is increased, what happens to the volume of the gas, assuming the temperature stays the same?

• The volume increases.

• The volume stays the same.

• The volume decreases.

Answer explanation

When the pressure on a gas increases, its volume decreases. This is known as Boyle's Law.

What does liquid do when it is warmed?

• expands

• contracts

• turns to a solid

• condenses

Answer explanation

When liquid is warmed, it expands. This is the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

Which is the receiver object in the picture?

• conduction

• radiation

• corn chips

• heat lamp

Answer explanation

The receiver object in the picture is 'corn chips'. It absorbs the heat from the 'heat lamp' through conduction.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

Which direction does thermal energy always flow in?

• From Hot to Hot

• From Hot to Cold

• From Cold to Hot

• From Cold to Cold

Answer explanation

Thermal energy always flows from hot to cold. This is because heat naturally moves from areas of higher temperature to areas of lower temperature.

Since solid particles only vibrate, they have _____ amounts of kinetic energy.

• high

• no

• low

• extra

Answer explanation

Solid particles only vibrate, so they have low kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

Adding thermal energy to a cup of water will cause the particles to ______________.

• move faster

• move closer together

• slow down

• collide less frequently

Answer explanation

Adding thermal energy to water causes the particles to move faster, as they gain kinetic energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

You fill a cup and leave it overnight on the counter. The next morning, you return to find the cup dry. This is an example of ____________.

• condensation

• melting

• vaporization by boiling

• vaporization by evaporation

Answer explanation

The cup being dry in the morning indicates that the liquid in the cup underwent vaporization by evaporation, as opposed to condensation, melting, or vaporization by boiling.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5