Genetics Vocab Quiz

What does the term "genetics" relate to?

• The study of ecological systems

• The process of cell division

• The transmission of traits from parents to offspring

• The genes or heredity of traits

What is the difference between a disease and a disorder according to the study guide?

• A disease is a disturbance of structure and/or function, while a disorder is a breakdown in structure and function.

• A disease is a characteristic set of signs or symptoms, while a disorder affects normal functions.

• A disease is a breakdown in the structure and function of a living organism, while a disorder is a disturbance of an organism's structure and/or function.

• There is no difference; disease and disorder are interchangeable terms.

What is a "trade-off" in the context of genetics?

• A process by which genetic information is exchanged between two organisms

• A mutation that occurs in the DNA sequence

• A desirable outcome given up to gain another desirable outcome

• The combination of two different alleles to form a new trait

Which term describes the process by which organisms make exact copies of themselves without the union of gametes?

• Sexual reproduction

• Fertilization

• Asexual reproduction

• Heredity

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

• It is responsible for cell movement.

• It contains the cell's DNA and controls its metabolism.

• It contains the chromosomes and, therefore, the genes.

• It is the site of protein synthesis.

What does the term "recessive" describe in genetics?

• A trait that is always observed in the phenotype

• The genetic phenomenon in which a trait is not observed, or is "hidden," in the phenotype of a heterozygous individual

• The most dominant trait that is always passed on to offspring

• A trait that can only be inherited from one parent

What does the term "genotype" refer to?

• An observable trait of an organism.

• A diagram for showing the likelihood of each outcome of a breeding experiment.

• An individual's pair of alleles for a specific gene or group of genes that determine a trait.

• An organism that has two identical alleles for a specific trait.

What is the definition of "heterozygous"?

• An organism with two identical alleles for a specific trait.

• An individual's pair of alleles for a specific gene or group of genes.

• An observable trait of an organism.

• An organism that has two different alleles for a specific trait.

If an organism is "homozygous," what does this mean regarding its alleles?

• It has two different alleles for a specific trait.

• It has no alleles for a specific trait.

• It has two identical alleles for a specific trait.

• It has multiple pairs of alleles for a specific trait.

What does "phenotype" describe?

• A diagram used in genetics.

• The genetic makeup of an organism.

• An organism that has two different alleles for a trait.

• An observable trait of an organism.