Prokaryotes and Endosymbiotic Theory

Which of the following provide evidence for the hypothesis that prokaryotes evolved before eukaryotes.

• prokaryotes are more complex

• eukaryotes are multicellular which makes them simpler

• prokaryotes have no nucleus and fewer genes

• prokaryotes grow into eukaryotes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

______ and ________ are organelles that arose from the endosymbiotic theory

• flagellum and chloroplast

• mitochondria and chloroplasts

• Smooth and Rough ER

• mitochrondria and cell wall

Two students are reading an article about the evidence of the endosymbiotic theory. As they are reading, they have drawn images of what they believe to be occurring on index cards. The two students are engaging in a discussion on how the index cards should be ordered to accurately show the evolution of eukaryotic cells.

Student A claims the order should be B, E, D, A, C. Their reasoning is that since the small circles without lines in the index cards represent chloroplasts, photosynthesizing organisms evolved before aerobic organisms.

Student B claims the order should be B, A, C, E, D. Their reasoning is that since the small ovals with lines in the index cards represent mitochondria, respiratory organisms evolved before photosynthesizing organisms

Use the diagram to answer the question. Which statement below is accurate about the discussion above?

• student A has a correct ordering of index cards but incorrect reasoning.

• student B has a correct ordering of index cards and correct reasoning.

• Student A has a correct ordering of index cards and correct reasoning.

• Student B has a correct ordering of index cards but incorrect reasoning.

Mitochondria and chloroplast do not divide on their own.

• false

• true

The diagram below shows a proposed theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, called endosymbiosis.

Which of the following explains why cells that contained mitochondria-like organelles had an evolutionary advantage?

• They were able to photosynthesize

• They had more DNA

• They were able to make more use of available energy

• They were immune to bacterial invasion.

What gas was necessary for complex (eukaryotic) life to evolve?

• Carbon dioxide
• Oxygen
• Dihydrogen monoxide
• Methane

Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

• Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

• All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.

• Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.

Which of the following is evidence to support the endosymbiotic theory?

• Prokaryotes have the same number and types of enzymes as eukaryotes.

• Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, which is similar to prokaryotic DNA.

• All eukaryotic cells have a double-layered membran composed of phosplipids and proteins.

• Fossil evidence shows that the first forms of life were prokaryotic cells.

The mitochondria in yours cells have DNA that matches yours.

• true

• false

Approximately how long ago did the only living organisms on Earth consist of prokaryotes?

• 1 billion years ago

• 2 billion years ago

• 3 billion years ago

• 4 billion years ago