Unit 9 DNA and Modern Genetics Vocabulary

Mutation

• A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism
• A subunit in a nucleic-acid chain that consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
• Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another

DNA

• Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production
• a condition in which two alleles are expressed such that the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is a combination of the two homozygous parents
• In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell the main ring of DNA
• Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics

Nucleotide

• A subunit in a nucleic-acid chain that consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another
• A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
• A characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment

RNA

• Deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
• In a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell the main ring of DNA
• A subunit in a nucleic-acid chain that consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
• Ribonucleic acid, a molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein production

Replication

• A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism
• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another
• The duplication of a DNA molecule
• the use and application of living things and biological processes

Ribosome

• A subunit in a nucleic-acid chain that consist of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base.
• A cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
• the use and application of living things and biological processes
• A characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment

Biotechnology

• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another
• a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use.
• A characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment
• the use and application of living things and biological processes

Genetic engineering

• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another
• a technology in which the genome of a living cell is modified for medical or industrial use.
• the use and application of living things and biological processes
• A characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment

Artificial Selection

• A characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular enviroment
• The human practice of breeding plants or animals that have certain desired traits
• The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals
• The occurrence of hereditary or nonhereditary differences between different individuals of a population

Clone

• A change in the structure or amount of the genetic material of an organism
• The duplication of a DNA molecule
• the use and application of living things and biological processes
• an organism, cell, or piece of genetic material that is genetically identical to one from another