3.1 Quiz Earth's Layers

Earth formed in a swirling disk of matter surrounding the sun. As particles in the disk collided and stuck together, they grew larger and some eventually became planets. What force was responsible for the collisions between these particles?

• gravity

• solar radiation

• seismic waves

• radioactive decay

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Which of the following is a source of heat in Earth’s interior?

• earthquakes

• solar radiation

• seismic waves

• radioactive decay

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One of the first discoveries from seismic wave data was the boundary between the crust and mantle. This boundary marks a change in composition, which in turn affects density. The speed of both P waves and S waves increases at this boundary. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the crust and the mantle?

• 1. The crust is denser than the mantle is.

• 1. The crust is liquid and the mantle is solid.

  
  

• 1. The crust is solid and the mantle is liquid.

  
  

• 1. The crust is less dense than the mantle.

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The depth of the boundary between the crust and the mantle varies from about 5 to 8 km under ocean basins and about 20 to 70 km under continents. How do scientists study the location of this boundary?

• 1. They study the composition of meteorites.

  
  

• They study the behavior of seismic waves.

• They study the composition of volcanic rocks.

• They study the properties of Earth’s magnetic field.

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8.SIA.4

During the Apollo space program, astronauts placed seismographs on the moon. Scientists used the data from these devices to create the graph below. Based on the data, what can you conclude about the moon’s interior?

• It is entirely solid

• It is entirely molten

• 1. It has a solid outer layer and a molten core.

• It has a liquid outer core and solid inner core.

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We can learn about Earth's interior by ​ ​ ​ (a)   that come out during volcanic eruptions

• mantle xenoliths
• seismic waves
• seismographs
• solar nebulas

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Waves that can travel through liquids, solids and gasses

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Seismic waves that can only travel through solids.

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What is the change in speed of the P wave as it goes from the mesosphere to outer core?

• about 5.4 km/s

• about 4 km/s

• about 3.4 km/s

• about 8.5 km/s

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Seismic waves travel faster through rigid rock than through flexible rock. How would you expect seismic wave speeds to change from the lithosphere to the asthenosphere?

• Overall, both P waves and S waves would increase in speed.

• Overall, both P waves and S waves would decrease in speed.

• P waves would decrease in speed and S waves would disappear.

• P waves would increase in speed and S waves would decrease in speed.

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8.SIA.6